
Class, 
Book_ 
Copyright N^. 



z 



COPyRIGHT DEPOSrr 



THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 
SYSTEM OF 

HISTORY STUDY 



A COMPLETE ANALYTICAL QUESTION 
^ COURSE ON AMERICAN HISTORY 



/^^OMPILED and Arranged with the View of Enabling the 

Student of History to Better Understand and Retain the 

Sul^ject-Matter and Events with Greater Ease and Accuracy. 



PREPARED AND COMPILED 

By WILLIAM I. HOOD. 



THE Co-operation of Instructors in Schools, Academies and 
Colleges, as well as Examiners of Teachers, is Solicited in 
Adopting this Great Memory - Strengthenmg System in their 
Class and Review Work and in Preparation for Examination. 



PUBLISHED BY ORDER 

THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' UNION, 

CINCINNATI, OHIO. 




^THf LIBHAHY OF 
CONOHtSS, 

NOV. 2ft t90?.l 
(ViBVTHAMT fimn 

CLAfte ^ -lefr No. 

i 1. ^ ( 

oorv B. 



Entered according to Act of Congress 

in tlie year 1900 

wth the librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C, 

By MALLORY & HOOD, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

All Rights and Translations Reserved. 





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HOW TO READ HISTORY. 

THE first step for the student of history to take is, to 
perfectly acquaint himself with the division of history into 
its EIGHT NATURAL PERIODS, and thus learn to assemble the 
events of history into those eight groups. 

In order to properly do this, you should know the date 
of the beginning and ending of each period; the number of 
years included therein ; the title of the period and the prom- 
inent event that marks the opening and closing of each. In 
the study or review of history you should read and reflect 
upon the event with relation to the period to which it belongs, 
whether at the beginning, near the middle or toward the close 
of its respective period. 

That you may guide your researches along these lines 
we have given the following suggestions, which will give you 
your first step in this important study. 



PERIOD L 



DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION. 
^ FROM 1000 TO 1590. 



590 YEARS. 



FROM THE VISIT OF THE NORSEMAN 

TO THE ABANDONMENT OF THE SEARCH 

FOR THE EOST COEONY. 



The reasons why Periods I, II, III and IV are so divided will be found 
in the explanations at the end of Period I. 



The Twentieth Century System of 
American History Study. 



■vr/^'T^'P^ . The figure at the end of each question represents the page in the 
' Library of American History where the answer may be found. 



Period I. 

DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION 

From A. D. 1000 to 1590 — 590 Years. 

1. What were the three Americas on the evening of October ii, 1492? 
Had Cohimbus been able at that time to ascend to sufficient height that 
he could have looked down upon the great New World, what would he 
have seen? ^ 



2. What city of the present day, with armies in its streets, would he 
have seen to the west of him? What old empire with traces of cities and 
temples to his southwest? What would have attracted his attention in the 
highlands of Peru? And what evidences of past presence of human beings 
possessed of intellect and ingenuity would he have seen high up in the 
Andes Mountains? Besides, what class of beings would he have seen 
scattered everywhere that possessed neither the inclination nor ingenuity to 
have wrought these great things upon the face of nature? Hence what 
must be the conclusions as regards this great world in the wild some time 
prior -to the first visit of Columbus? 



3, What can be said of the discovery by Columbus as compared with 

all the other notable incidents of the world? 

o 

4. What nature of narrative is necessary to a proper recital and appre- 
ciation of the epoch of discovery? 

o 

(3) 



4 Discovery and Exploration. [period i- 

5. How many references to visits of the Norsemen to our shores are 
found in ancient records of Iceland? ^. 

6. What noted European author, writing in 1075 (four hundred and 
seventeen years prior to 1492), makes mention of America, or Vineland, 
and of the visits of the Norsemen? ^2 

7. What maps of 1367 (one hundred and twenty-five years prior to 
1492) referred to America as, the New Land, and possibly supplied the 
information that later led the Cabots on their first journey, since they 
followed to a great extent the route traveled by the Norsemen ? ^^ 

8. What may be said of Thorwald Ericson? When was he on our 
shores, and what part did he visit? ^q 

INDIANS. 

9. When, where, and by whom was the first Indian murdered? 

18 

10. Who are ethnologists? Into how many families do ethnologists 
divide the American Indian? 20 

11. Is it fair to suppose that there are more Indians in the United 
States to-day than ever before? 22 

12. What is the means of subsistence of Indians in their natural state? 
What did they use as weapons, and how did they obtain them? 22 

13. Wliat was the religious belief and burial custom of the American 
Indians? 25 



14. In what part of America did the Cliff Dwellers thrive, and what 
evidences have we of marked civilization among them? 25 



A. D. 1000-1590] Discovery and Exploration. 



15. For what purpose is it now believed that the mounds found in 
various parts of our country were built? What state is richest in these 
mysterious earthworks, and to what number? ^^ 



16. What is the Iroquois League, or "Six Nations"? When, where, 
by whom, and for what purpose were they organized? ^n oi 

17. Who was the first president of the League of Six Nations, and 
what mementoes of that election is sacredly preserved by them unto 
this day? 09 



18. What are some of the laws and customs of the Iroquois League? 

32 



19. How are the Six Nations at this time distributed? 00 



20. What is the value of the reservations occupied by the New- York 
members of the Iroquois League? 00 

21. What evidence of advancement and civilization is shown from 
the assessor's return of the New-York Indians? 00 

COLUMBUS. 

22. When and where was Christopher Columbus born? ^^ 



23. What was the vocation of his father? o/» 

3d 



24. Whom and when did Columbus marry? 



86 



25. What voyage did Columbus make in 1477 that possibly had much 
to do toward molding his determination to make a voyage westward from 
European shores? 00 



Discovery and Exploration. [period i 



2G. Of what dishonorable act was Kin<; John of Portugal guilty in 
his dealings with Columbus? on 



27. When did Columbus become a "tramp," and in what way did 
this fact eventually lead to the discovery of America in 1492? gg 

28. What noted priest of the Catholic Church is entitled to much 
credit for the assistance given Columbus in his time of need? ^^ 

29. W'hat was Columbus's answer when asked by the King of Spain 
what he expected in the event of success? ^^1^ 

30. For what is the bridge of Pinos noted, and what offer of sacrifice 
by Queen Isabella was instrumental in making it famous? ^2 

31. At what place and on what date was the contract between 
Columbus and the sovereigns of Spain signed? ^2 

32. What effect on the sailors of Palos did Columbus's arrival and 
declaration of purpose have? ^g 

33. How many persons set sail with Columbus? Name the place, 
date, and time of day he set sail. ^q 

34. What were the names of the vessels constituting the fleet, and 
who commanded each? ^g 

35. What act of generosity did the King of Spain bestow upon our 
government prior to the Columbian Exposition in commemoration of the 
first voyage of Columbus? ^g 

36. In what state of mind were the sailors who accompanied Columbus 
after leaving the Canary Islands? ^g 



A.D. 1000-1590] Discovery and Exploration. 



37. What discovery shocked Columbus after several days' voyage? 

46 

38. What can you say regarding the prevailing opinion at the present 
time concerning that discovery? 



39. What is the Sargasso Sea, and what explanation can you give 

for its existence? 

48 



40. What reward was offered by Spain to him who should first 

discover land? 

48 



41. What awful threat did the mutinous men make and prepare to 

put in execution when evidences of land were seen? What were those 

evidences? What promise of reward did Columbus make to the first 

man who discovered land? .^ ,^ 

48-49 



DISCOVERIES. 

42. Who was the first man of Columbus's fleet to see land on the 
morning of October i2, 1492, in consequence of which the cannon of the 
Pinta was fired? What apparent injustice was afterwards done this man? 

49 

43. What is the present name of the island now believed to be the land 

first discovered? ^_ 

50 

44;> Describe the banner carried ashore by Columbus. -„ 

50 

45. What did the natives call the island on which Columbus landed? 
What name did Columbus give to it, and what do the English now call it? 

50 

46. What is said of the natives of these islands as found by Columbus 

and his associates? _,_ 

50 



Discovery and Exploration. [period i. 



47. What prominent island did Cohimbns visit on October 28, 1492, 
and what habit of the natives did he that day observe that has since been 
universally adopted? ^-^ 

48. What feeling toward the white men was manifested by the natives? 

52 

49. On what day of the week did Columbus set sail from Palos, discover 
America, and drop anchor at Palos on his return? ^. 



50. What became of the Santa Maria? p^2 



51. What can you say of the Spaniards who remained on the island of 
Hayti? What just fate befell them? g^ 

52. Wliat was the name of the fort built from the timber of the Santa 
Maria? ^2 



53. What precaution did Columbus take on his return voyage to preserve 
to the world his discoveries? ^o 



54. In case Columbus had never reached port, would this precaution 
have proved of any value? ^.. 

55. In what way and by whom was the attempt made to rob Columbus 
of the honor of his discoveries? What was the consequence? ^ , 



56. Describe the reception given to Columbus on his return to Spain. 

55 

57. Describe the incident of the egg and tell why it was used. 

55 

58. Of what brutal act was Columbus guilty on his second voyage? 

57 



A. D. 1000-1590] Discovery and Expi^oration. 



59. What important discovery did Columbus make unawares on his 
third voyage? ^^ 



60. What brutal treatment did Francisco de Bobadilla inflict upon 
Columbus in sending him back to Spain? -j. 



61. When did Columbus last return from America, and in what con- 

dition was he? _.„ 

oo 



62. With what great loss did Columbus meet after his last voyage? 

58 

63. Were the promised honors and rewards by the king and queen ever 
bestowed upon Columbus? ^^ 



64. When and where did Columbus die? ^o 

oo 



65. What honor did the King of Spain confer on Columbus seven years 
after his death? What was his motive? «l„ 



66. Where is the burial place of Columbus? ^n. 

bO 



67. What theory was advanced by H. Yule Oldham in 1894 relative to 

an earlier discovery of America than in 1402? 

•^ ^^ Note 61 



68. Had Columbus failed to receive support from the King of Spain, is it 
probable that he would have received royal support elsewhere? If so, from 
whom, and upon what is your knowledge based? ^^ 



69. When and by whom was the first discovery made upon which 
England based her claim in the American Continent? ^o 

DO 



10 Discovery and Exploration. [period i. 



70. Who was Amerigo Vespucci, and what was his business? 



63 



71. What can be said of the claims of Amerigo Vespucci to navigator 
and discoverer? ^^ 



72. Who was thought to be instrumental in affixing the name America 
to the New World? ^^ 

73. To what part of the New World did Spain direct her conquests and 
discoveries? g^ 



74. Who was Ponce de Leon, and what peculiar place does he occupy 
in the first period of our country's history? g^ 



75. Who gave the name "Tortugas" to the islands bearing this title, 
and why so called? gg 



76. What honor was bestowed upon Ponce de Leon by the Castilian 
government as a reward for his discoveries? gg 



77. What sad misfortune befell Ponce de Leon on his second visit to 
the Florida shore? g^^ 



78. Describe D'Allyon's expedition, and by what was it characterized? 

67 

79. What honor was bestowed upon D'Allyon by the King of Spain? 
How was his former crime avenged? gg 



80. Describe the first attempt of Europeans to settle within the United 
States. gg 



A. D. 1000-1590] Discovery and Exploration. 11 

81. What was the moral and social character of Vasco Nunez de Balboa? 
What law in regard to debt prevailed at this time, and how did Balboa 
escape it? ^^ 



82. Who furnished the men and supplies for Balboa's voyage, and what 
was the result? ^q 



83. When and how long after the discovery of America by Columbus 
did Balboa make his discovery? What did he name it? nq 



84. W^ho gave the name Pacific to that great body of water, and why 
was it so called? „^ 



85. How were natives treated by Spanish explorers? „r. 

86. When, where, and how did Balboa meet his death? „r. 

87. What great body of men and horses landed at Tampa Bay, Florida, 
in April, 1528, and in what manner did they treat the Indians? „^ 



88. In what manner did the monster leader of this band treat a captured 
Indian chief? „^ 



89. What is said of the expedition of this band into the interior, and 
how many reached Spain on their return? f^n 

90. What noted conquest had Hernando De Soto been engaged in prior 
to his expedition for the conquest of Florida? ^2 



91, What honors were conferred on De Soto before his sailing for 
Florida? ^2 



12 Discovery and Exploration. [period i. 



92. Give the number of persons on the De Soto expedition, and how 
did they conduct themselves? «2 



93. Where did De Soto land, and what were his nine cargoes? How 
did he treat the natives, and what was the result? -o 



94. Where did De Soto winter, and how did he treat a friendly Indian 
queen? What was the consequence? 73-74 

95. What is a general description of De Soto's wanderings, his attempt 
to found a colony, and what became of him? 74-75 



96. How long after Cabot's celebrated voyage did England make 
attempts to explore and settle the New World? „q^ 



97. When' and under the auspices of what nation did John Verrazzani 
sail to the New World? What portions of our coast did he visit, and what 
name did he give to his discoveries? «q 



98. Who was the first man to accurately describe the size of the globe? 

79 

99. Who made the second voyage under the support of the French 
Government, and what place did he visit? Describe the incident of the 
cross, and give its motto. q^^ 

100. Who gave the name to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and why so 
named ? qq 

101. In what way did Cartier treat the Indians? g^ 

102. How manv visits did Cartier make, and how and to what extent did 
he arouse the hostility of the Indians? g2 



A. D. 1000-1590] Discovery and Exploration. 13 



103. What is said of Ribault's expedition in 1562, and why did he fail 

to return to his colony as he had promised? 

00 



104. What and when was the Reformation in Europe? 



86 



105. At what point and in what year did Laudonniere land his expe- 
dition? What was the result? 

00 



106. Why were these attempts to form settlements all failures? 



107. Who was Pedro Menendez? Where did he operate, and what is 
the history of his bloody record in America? What inscription did he 
place over the heads of each of his victims? 



108. What notable French chevalier avenged Menendez 's bloody deeds, 
and how? What mscription did he place over each at their execution? 



109. For what is St. Augustine noted? How long after October 12, 
1492, to the settlement of St. Augustine? 

110. Who were the real discoverers of the Continent of North America, 
and what was the object of their voyage? 

in. W'hy were the voyages made by Martin Frobisher of little or no 
value? What body of water visited and named by him still bears his 
name? . ^3 

112- What important expedition was made by Sir Francis Drake? 
WHien? What did he name New Albion? qo 



313. What honor was conferred on him in consequence of his achieve- 
ments? What act did he call ^'singeing the King of Spain's beard"? 

93 



14 Discovery and Exploration. [period i. 

114. What four expeditions did Sir Walter Raleigh equip and support? 
What became of this noble man? Q4_Qr 

115. In what manner did the English treat the Indians? f^n no 



116. What constituted the Lost Colony, and what prominent personages 
were among the number? What was their possible fate? q^ 



117. With the exception of the weak colony at St. Augustine, Florida, 
how many years elapsed after the discovery of- America until the first 
permanent settlement was established? ^^^ 



You will observe that the Pi'rsi Period of American History was 
devoted exclusively to '''■Discovery and Exploration^^'' and by this title 
it is designated. It consisted of five hundred and ninety years (from 
A. D. looo to A. D. 1590). This is one hundred and eighty-one years 
longer than it has been since Christopher Columbus landed first on Cat 
Island. (In 2082 A. D., or one hundred and eighty-one years hence, it 
will be just five hundred and ninety years after Columbus's discovery 
of America.) 

Over four hundred years of this time, however, is of little or no 
significance, so far as making this continent a home for the European is 
concerned, unless the records of Iceland, the writings of Bremen, or the 
Pizigani maps were directly or indirectly instrumental in planting in the 
heart of the Genoese navigator the desire to sail out upon the broad, dark 
bosom of the Atlantic, far beyond the limit of the horizon, and kept 
him going on and on, and on and on, conscious that four centuries before 
his day, others had found land in that direction. If this is a probability 
(and who will say it is not) , then the voyage of the Norseman ranks well 
with that of Columbus. 

The remarkable contemplation of this First Period of our history is the 
fact that at its close, nearly one hundred years after Columbus had declared 



A.D. 1000-1590] Discovery and Exploration. 15 

to the world the result of his daring voyage, no human habitation other 
than what he found here on his arrival had yet been established on this 
continent. 

During the first one hundred years after the discovery of America, 
however, there were no less than twenty-seven European expeditions to 
our shores and attempted settlements, some consisting of as many as six 
hundred persons, equipped with horses, cattle, swine, tools, and implements 
necessary for the establishment of a colony in a wilderness, in a manner that 
with proper industry, management, and prudent treatment of the Indians 
success and prosperity seemed assured ; yet in spite of all these efforts 
when the century closed there was yet no settlement of Europeans on our 
continent, save the remnant of Menendez's band of cutthroats that ren- 
dezvoused at St. Augustine, Florida. Efforts, however, had been made 
to establish settlements elsewhere in Florida, South Carolina, Canada, and 
various other sections, all with the same result — failure. A number of them 
remained from one to ten years, and then abandoned their effort in discord 
and disgrace, or became the victims of the just vengeance of the abused 
and outraged red man. 

Of these twenty-seven expeditions, twelve were Spanish, six French, 
and nine English. Six of the English expeditions were under the auspices 
and direct patronage of the big-hearted Walter Raleigh. 

In 1602 there was an important voyage made that shortened the route 
and time between the Old World and the New (the same route now traveled 
by our ocean greyhounds between oui Atlantic coast towns and Europe), 
thus stimulating a new interest in sea-voyages across the Atlantic. With 
this year (1602), then, begins the Second Period in American History, and 
this period extends to 1758. These one hundred and fifty-six years are 
devoted almost exclusively to colonization and settlement by people from 
the various nations of the sea-going world. Little or no thought of nation- 
building or independent government constructing was indulged in by the 
people during this one hundred and fifty -six years; hence Period II. is 
known as the period of '-'■ Colonization and Settlement y 

At the close of Period II. the American colonists ot all nationali- 
ties, having been industrious and prosperous, became the legitimate bones 
of contention for the kings and rulers of the Old World. In that year 



16 Discovery and Exploration. [period l 



began the French and English war in America ; and through the greed 
and avarice of those diseased and debauched crown-heads the minds of the 
people were turned from peace and industry to war and carnage, eventually 
ending in the plain people rising up in their might and establishing thin 
Republic in spite of the protests of the idle, scheming, worthless kings 
and emperors of the Old World, and their thousands of agents, lawyers, 
and sympathizers on this side. Therefore the time of preparation for 
this momentous movement among the people to its consummation (from 
1758 to 1783) constitutes a period by itself in the history of our nation — 
Period III., known as the Period of England and France in America. 



PERIOD IL 



COI.ONIZATION AND SETTI^EMENT. 
FROM 1G02 TO 1758 



156 YEARS. 



FROM GOSNOED'S EXPEDITION 

TO THE LEGAL ESTABLISHMENT OF THE 

CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN THE 

"EMPIRE STATE OF THE SOUTH." 



The reasons why Periods I, II, HI and IV are so divided will be found 
in the explanations at the end of Period I. 



Period IL 
colonization and settlement 

From A. D. 1602 to 1758 — 156 Years. 

118. What was the first expedition to sail over the present track 
of ocean steamers from England to America? What prominent points 
along our Atlantic Coast were visited and named by the chief of this 
expedition ? - ^^ 

119. What expedition was equipped and set sail in the spring of 1603? 
What prompted them to sail? -.^o 

120. Who was king of England during the early part of Period II. 
of our history? What object led him to encourage a plan for colonizing 
America? ^^o 

121. What prominent warrants from the court of James I., issued on 
April 20, 1606, formed the first systematic basis for colonizing what is now 
the United States? Who were the five most important persons^ named 
therein? -.qo 

122. What were the provisions of the patents or grants mentioned? 
Give the names of these companies and territory covered by each. 

103-106 

123. What socialistic provision was imposed on the Plymouth and 
London companies? -iQg 

VIRGINIA SETTLED. 

124. Describe the life of Captain John Smith prior to his connection 
with the history of Jamestown. What constituted the resident council 
of the colonists of Newport's expedition? In what estimation was Smith 
held by his comrades? ^^q 

(19) 



20 C0I<0NIZATI0N AND SETTLEMENT. [PERIOD II. 



125. What prominent people were among the Plymonth Company, and 
what two unsuccessful attempts were made to plant a settlement? 

106-107 

126. How many persons did the London Company send out in i6o6? 
What were their character, and where were they instructed to land? 
What remarkable man was among their number? Who commanded the 
vessel? ^Qg 

127. When and by whom were Cape Charles and Cape Henry named? 
When , by whom , and why was Point Comfort so named ? -.^^ 



128. When was the settlement of Jamestown, Va., started? ^-.r. 



129. What was the prevailing belief in Europe in 1607 regarding the 
Pacific Ocean, and how did this affect the instructions given the Jamestown 
settlers? -.-.-. 

130. Who constituted the exploring party that first visited the lodge 
of the great chief Powhatan? Where was his palace, and what indication 
of his power among the Americans did they find? How far inland did 
they go? In what manner were they received by the Indians in coming 
and going? What occasioned the change? ^-.^^ 

131. Who was first president of the colony? Describe his management 
and the result. ^^^o 

132. How and in what way did Captain John Smith succeed as president 
of the colony? Describe his capture by the Indians. ^^^ 



133. What charge was brought against him by the malcontents of the 
colony after his return from captivity, and what event saved his life ? 

115 

134. What class of men did Captain Newport bring with him on his 
second trip? -^^q 



A.D. 1602-1758] COI^ONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. , 21 



135. What unreasonable demand did the London Company make of 

Smith, and what was his answer? ^^_ 

lib 



136. What were the provisions of the new charter granted to the London 
Company by King James, May 23, 1609? In what way was Captain John 
Smith removed fiom tlie presidency, and who succeeded him? ^-.^j 



187. How many persons were brought over by Captain Newport on his 
fourth trip, and of what character were they? What accident befell Smith, 
and what was the result ? ^ -. q 



138, Who had charge of affairs in the colony during Smith's absence 
until Lord De la Warr arrived? ^^p 

139. In what manner were the Indians treated after Smith's departure? 
In what way did Pocahontas again demonstrate that she was possessed 
of the finer sensibilities of womankind ? ^ ^ ^ 



140. What is known as the "Starving Time," and how many persons 
survived it? 11 Q 



141. What action was taken by Governor Gates, on his arrival, to sav^e 
e survivors of the ' ' Starvii] 
from ruin and abandonment? 



the survivors of the ' ' Starving Time ' ' ? What event saved the settlement 



120 



142. What credit is due Lord De la Warr for effecting and forever 
establishing the settlement of the New World by the white man of the 
east? - ^20 

143. W^ho planted the first settlement at Richmond and Appomattox? 

120 

144. What were the provisions of the third charter granted to the 
London Company? In what manner had the land been tilled previous 
to this time? ^n-j 



22 Colonization and Settlement. [period ii. 



145. What dastardly deed did Captain Argall commit while on a cruise 
up the James River? What incident prevented war as a result? .^^ 



146. What is the history of Pocahontas after her marriage? -.^^ 



147. What important event happened in 1619, and what was its effect 
on the settlers? j,-,^. 



148. What other cargo of human freight sailed up the James River in 
1619 that has since played an important part in our history? When and 
how many were they ? ^ „ . 



149. What were the provisions of the written constitution secured by 
the wise and thoughtful Governor Yeardley? ^^. 



150. When and where did the Virginia Council provided for by the 
written constitution from the London Company first meet? What was 
it called, and what is said of it as a legislative body? ^^^ 



151. Who succeeded Powhatan as chief of the Indians in the vicinity 
of Jamestown? ^ 



152. Describe the terrible massacre which he committed on March 22^ 
1622? ^25 



153. Through what agency did Jamestown escape the massacre? Give 
the results of this outbreak. ^^^ 



154. What prompted King James in 1622 to change the charter of the 

London Company? How was it changed, and what did it eventually 

lead to? w,-,^ 

Izb 



A. D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 23 



155. When did King James die? In what way did his death benefit 

the colony? 

127 

156. When and why did the second massacre occur? What was its 
result? ^27 

157. What position was taken by the colonists during the troublous 
times of Cromwell? 

158. Why is Virginia called the "Old Dominion"? 

159. What were the provisions of the Navigation Acts? When were 

they in effect? 

Izo 

160. When and to whom did King Charles II. give all of Virginia? 

128 

BACON'S REBELLION. 

IGl. When was Bacon's Rebellion, and what was its cause? ..^q 

162. Who was Nathaniel Bacon, and how did he protect the settlers 
against the Indian attacks? ^.,„ 

163. What brave and manly act did he do when he and his followers 
marched to Jamestown and demanded his commission as commander-in- 
chief of the militia, to which position he had been elected? -.o^ 

164. How long before the Declaration of Independence was this first 
attempt to overthrow the rule of monarchy and establish free govern- 
ment? ^3^ 

165. What became of Bacon and his party? What did King Charles 
say of Berkeley? ^r.^ 



24 Colonization and Settlement. [period ii. 

166. Why did the king recall the grant given to Culpeper and Arlington 
in 1673? ^3^ 



167. From what source did a lieutenant-governor give one hundred 

and fifty pounds for the foundation of William-and-Mary College? What 

lesson can we learn from this act? -,., , 

lo4 



168. Who was Sir Edmund Andros, and how long was he governor? 

135 

169. What was the increase in population of Virginia from 1700 to 
1750? Name the capital at this time. . p. 



NEW YORK. 

170. At the discovery of America, in 1492, which was the greatest 

maritime nation on the globe? What emblem was carried at the mast- 
heads of its ships, and what did it signify? ^.._ 



171. Why was Holland interested in America? By what company did 
she manifest her interest, and when was it formed? ^^_ 



172. Who was Henry Hudson, and what was he furnished the " Half 

Moon" to search for? . 

loo 



173. Describe his trip, and when did he discover the river bearing 
his name? What did he suppose it to be, and why did he change his 
mind? . ^3g 



174. How did Holland establish her claim to New York? Relate the 
fate of Hudson. ^„q 



175. When and how was the germ of our great metropolis founded? 

140 



A. D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 25 



176. Between what parallels did New Netherland lie? ^ ^^ 

140 



177. Where was Fort Orange, and when was it built? In what way did 
the Dutch show their wisdom in dealing with the Indians? 



178. Who were the Walloons? In what way did the emigrants sent out 
by Holland differ from those England had sent? What was the result? 

141-142 

179. Name the first three governors of New York. How much was paid 
for Manhattan Island? Which governor made it the chief administrative 
site, and brought all settlements under one government? ^^n 



180. What fort and town was planted on Manhattan Island? -. .« 



181. What was the " Patroon System"? When and for what purpose 
organized? Why should it never have been planted, and what names are 
familiar in New York to-day as a result? w^o 



182. When and why was Governor Minuit recalled? Who succeeded 
him, and what was his personality? ^AA-^A^ 

183. How long did Van T wilier remain governor, and who succeeded 
him? Why was the change of governors beneficial? ..^p- 

184.- Why was Kieft recalled, and what became of him? .. .g 



185. Who was his successor? Describe his characteristics and rule. 

147-148 

186. Give the history of Fort Christina as planted by the Swedes and 
Finns under Governor Minuit. What became of Swedish rule in America? 

146-148-149 



26 Colonization and Settlement. [period n. 

187. Describe the home-life of the Knickerbockers, or Dutch. ..^^ 

188. When and under what circumstances did Governor Stuyvesant 
declare he received his "authority from God and the West India Com- 

P^^y"- . 150-151 

189. What great change was in store for New Netherland as a result 
of the policy that " Might makes Right "? How did Governor Stuyvesant 
and the people accept this change? When was it? 1(^1-1^2 



190. What was the population of New Amsterdam? Why and what were 
the names of New Amsterdam and Fort Orange changed to? -.^.q 



191. When and how did the Dutch again gain possession, and how were 
they received? -.go 



192. Why and when did it again pass into English rule, and remain so 
until the Revolution? -.^a 



193. How long from the first settlement ( 1613) was New Netherland under 
Dutch rule? How long under English rule? How long under Dutch rule 
again? How long under English rule again? generai. Question. 

194. What changes in territory did the new patent granted in 1674 
make? Who became governor? Describe his rule, and tell how long 
it lasted. -,^4 

195. When was the first General Assembly held in the State of New 
York? Who was then governor? Name the most important acts and 
privileges granted by this assembly. 154-155 



19G. Why was Jacob Leisler placed at the head of affairs, and why 
sentenced to death? What great temperance lesson is here illustrated? 
What is the verdict of history in regard to Leisler and Milborne? 

157-158 



A. D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 27 

197. Who succeeded Governor Sloughter? What was the condition 

of the country during his seven years' administration? Who was next 

governor ? 

^ 159 

198. Wliat was the most notable incident in Bellomont's administration? 
Tell the story of William Kidd, and how and when was he punished. 

159-160 

199. What was the general characteristics of most men appointed gov- 
ernors during colonial times? 

200. What governor of New York appeared often in woman's dress? 

What were his reasons, and how long did he rule? ^^^ 

IbO 

201. What was the negro plot, and when did it occur? ^^^ 

lo2 



NEW ENGLAND SETTLEMENTS. 

202. Describe the meaning of Non-conformists, or Puritans, and Sepa- 
ratists, or Independents. Tell why these sects arose. ^^o 1/?^ 

203. When and from where did the Mayflower sail? How man/ persons 
were on board, and what class were they termed? ^^n 

204. Where was their settlement, and who was their first governor? 
What important personage was on board? -l^,^ 

205. Describe the first winter in New England, and how many remained 
till spring? ^^^ 

206. Who was the second governor, and what did Plj'mouth Colony 

owe him? ..^^ 

1/1 

207. While Powhatan proved a friend to Virginia, what Indian chief 
proved the friend of Plymouth? ^_^ 



28 Colonization and Settlement. [period il 



208. What was the message of Canonicus and the retort of Governor 
Bradford? Explain the meaning of these messages. ^^2 

209. By what colony was the enmity of the Indians incurred? What 
plot was laid by them for a massacre at the same time Opechankano plotted 
the massacre a': Jamestown? What friendly Indian gave Plymouth Colony 
warning, as did also the Christian convert at Jamestown? ^„2 



210. How did the devout Robinson at Leyden receive news of this 
affair? -^^j^ 

211. What became of the Weymouth Colony? What plan had failed 
here as in Virginia? -.^g 

MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY. 

212. What tract of land was purchased by a company in 1628 and 
emigrants sent over? Who was governor? 173-174 

213. What religious sect formed this settlement, and what was this settle- 
ment named under the charter granted in 1629? ^rj^ 

214. Explain how and why this settlement flourished under Governor 
Winthrop? Like Bradford of Plymouth, what was his wise course with 
the Indians? -|.76 

215. What and by whom was the first murder committed in New 
England? Why ir it worthy of note? ^«g 

216. What religious views did Roger Williams entertain pertaining to 
the first four commandments that produced trouble in the colonies? De- 
scribe his troubles, and tell how they finally ended. -.«g 

217. What prominent persons at this time favored Roger Williams's 
views, and how did one prove a friend in need? -.78 



A.D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 29 



RHODE ISLAND SETTLEMENT. 

218. What Indians well known to the Plymouth Colony received Roger 
Williams kind'y? In what way did they befriend liim? What settlement 
did he and his companions plant? -.r-q 

CONNECTICUT SETTLEMENT. 

219. When, where, and by whom was the first settlement in Connecticut? 
What son of a former governor of Massachusetts became governor of Con- 
necticut? When and by whom was Hartford founded? ^ 

180 

220. Describe the kindness of Roger Williams in preventing" the Nar- 
ragansetts from joining the Pequods in an attempt to make war on the 

'''"'"^- 182-183 

221. How and by whom was the massacres by the Pequods avenged? 
Describe the extermination of the Pequods. Were the white people alto- 
gether blameless? icq iq/. . 

iod— loo Note; 

222. Who was Anne Hutchinson, and what was her belief? What 
settlement was founded by her and her followers? What became of her? 

187-188 

223. Describe the charter granted Roger Williams in 1644. ^ „„ ^ „^ 

loo— ioy 

SETTLEMENT OF MAINE AND NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

224. How, when, and by whom were Maine and New Hampshire 

settled '^ 

^ 190 

225. When and by what colony was the first college founded? What 
name was given it and why, and how many years was this event prior to 
the founding of William -and-Mary College? ^^^^ 



226. When and where was the first printing-press used in America? 

192 



COLOXIZATIOX AND SETTLEMENT. [PERIOD II. 



227. What was the "Body of Liberties," and what were some of its 
laws? -^92 



228. Name the United Colonies of New England, and tell when and for 
what purpose they united. Why was Rhode Island excluded? ^^o 

229. While Virginia remained loyal to the royal family during the 
troublous times of Cromwell, what position did the United Colonies 
of New England occupy? 193 

230. Where and when was the first coinage of money in our country? 

193 

231. What were some of the "Blue Laws," and by whom enacted? 
What punishment was meted out to a commander of a British man-of-war 
for kissing his wife on his return from a long cruise? In what way did 
he avenge this outrage? In what manner did Governor W^inthrop regard 
these laws? How did he protect a poor man from punishment for stealing 
from him? 2 94 



232. Who was the founder of the Quakers, and how did they come by 
that name? What was their belief? -.gg 



233. When did the first Quakers arrive in this country, and what was 
done with them? -^qq 

234. Tell how and by what particular colony they were persecuted. What 
colony was always a city of refuge? Wliich is the better way? i9g_i99 

235. Who was called the "Apostle of the Indians"? Tell something 
of the good he did. 200 



230. By what were the troublous times in England caused? Name two 
regicides, and tell why they were so much desired by authorities. ^qq 



A.D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 31 



237. During the same period of Bacon's rebellion in Virginia and New 
Netherland's troubles with England, what trouble was pending in the 
United Colonies of New England? - 



KING PHILIP'S WAR. 

238. Who was King Philip and Alexander? What became of Alexander, 
and to what cause was attributed his death by the Indians? By the white 
people? 202 

239. Explain how King Philip's treachery was revealed, and what became 
of the one who told it. 



240. When did King Philip's war begin? How did he rally his people? 

What colonies were first attacked ? 

204 



241. Describe attack on Brookfield and the result. What ingenious 
device was resorted to by the Indians, and how did Providence save them? 
How were the white men avenged? 



242. Describe assault on Hadley, and in what seemingly miraculous way 

were the settlers saved? _„„ 

2Ud 



243. Where, when, and how did "Bloody Brook" receive its name? 

What other assault occurred on the same day? 

208 



244. What formidable tribe now became allies of King Philip, thus 

breaking faith with Roger Williams? 

208 

245. How did Governor Winslow become apprised of the Narragansett 
stronghold and its location? For what was this fort noted? Describe it. 

209 

246. Describe the attack on the Narragansett stronghold. When was it, 
and what was its result? „^ ^ 



32 Colonization and Settlement. [period ii. 



247, What was the extent of this war? .-^.^ 



248. Describe the victory for the settlers at Turner's Falls, and explain 
how they lost the advantage gained. ^i i 



249. When and what measures were taken to close this war, and with 

211 



what result? When was the war said to be over? 



250. Describe King Philip as a fugitive, and what became of him? 
What was done with his wife and son? n-ii oio 



251. Count the cost to both sides of King Philip's war. ^lo 



252. What prot^g^ of King James was appointed viceroy of all New 
England? Of what other colony previous to this had he been governor? 

214 



KING WILLIAM'S WAR. 

253. When and what was the cause of King William's war? What 
trouble did this cause in Massachusetts? 215 

254. Who were the Indian allies of the French and who of the English? 
When was the first blow struck? 215 

255. Describe the attack on Schenectady, and give result. When was 
it, and what prompted it? 2i6 



256. When and for what purpose did the Colonial Congress meet in 

216 



1690? 



257. Describe the invasion of Canada, and why it proved disastrous. 

216-217 



A. D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 33 

258. What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and who was governor? 

217 

259. Relate the story of Mrs. Dustin, and tell when it occurred. Ex- 
plain the meaning of the phrase "to run the gauntlet." What was done 
by citizens of New York and New Hampshire, in 1874, commemorative 

of the heroism of Mrs. Dustin and her companions? ^-, „ ^^„ 

21/ -220 



260. When and by what treaty did King William's War close? What 
was its duration? 



261. What belief prevalent in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth 
centuries would now be looked upon as ridiculous? To what extent had 
it spread, and what class of persons were foremost in extending the 
delusion? 221-222 

262. Relate the story of the poor Irish woman, and tell when it hap- 
P^^^^- 221-222 

263. What were the manifestations in the Parris family, and what was 
its result? 224 



264. What other case did Parris prosecute through envy? 



226 



265. What prominent man was foremost in the prosecutions? What were 
the views of his father, then president of Harvard College? ^^„ 



266. To what extreme had this delusion gone when it was ended? 
What brought the people to a realization of their senses, and when did 
witchcraft end? 097 



267. Describe the repentance of people who were foremost in the prose- 
cution of the accused. Name two books published by Cotton Mather on 
this subject. ooq 



34 Colonization and Settlement. [period il 



QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. 

268. When was Oiieen Anne's War? What causes led to it, and by 
what other name is it known? ^29 



2G9. Describe the attack on Deerfield and the result. When was this 
attack? On what incident connected with it is founded Fenimore Cooper's 
interesting story, " The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish?" ^32 



270. How many attempts were made by the English to capture Port 
Royal, Nova Scotia, and when were they successful? To what did they 
change its name? ^oo 



271. Describe the attempt to invade Canada in 1711. Why did the 
enterprise fail? ooo 

272. When and where was the treaty of Utrecht signed, and what were 
its terms? How many years did it last? ^..o 

KING GEORGE'S WAR. 

273. What was the cause of King George's War, and when did it begin? 
By what name is it known in Europe? ^..^ 



274. Learning of the war in the mother-country before the English, how 
did the French " take time by the forelock"? ^^^ 



275. Describe and locate the Fortress of Louisbourg, and tell \yhy it was 
called "The Dunkirk of America." ^^^ 



276. What were Governor Shirley's reasons for believing this fort could 
be captured? Describe its siege and capture. What made this enterprise 
such a daring and remarkable one? 9R4_9*^fi 



A. D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 35 

277. What troops carried the banner inscribed "Never despair, Christ 

being the leader " ? How was this capture received in France, and what 

crushing blow did she resolve to strike? In what way did Providence 

intercede for the colonists? 

Zoo 

278. When and by what treaty was this war closed ? What were its terms, 

and why were they not satisfactory with New Englanders? 

, ^o t 

279. How did England treat her colonists who had captured Louisbourg 
with England's help? W^hat seeds were then sown in the hearts of our 
people that bore rich fruit a quarter of a century later? ^07 

280. What was in reality the first newspaper ever published in America? 
When and why did it only publish a single number, and by so doing lose its 
prestige as the first newspaper? 9q'-_9Q» 

281. What paper receives credit for being the first newspaper, and 
when was it published? In what did these newspapers differ from ours 
of to-day? ^qq 

282. When and where was Yale College founded, and why was it so 
named? ^qo 

283. How did the colonies of Connecticut and Rhode Island prosper? 
How long did Rhode Island remain under the charter procured for her by 
Roger Williams? noo 



SETTLEMENT OF NEW JERSEY. 

284. Of what country was New Jersey first a part? What people located 
there? 289 

285. When and in what year was the grant of land given to Lord 
Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, and why did they name it New Jersey? 
What relationship did Lord Beikeley bear to the one-time governor of 
Virginia? 240 



36 Colonization and Settlement. [period ii. 

286. What inducements were offered people to settle in New Jersey? 
Who was the first governor? Describe his arrival. .^,.. 



287. What three conditions were favorable to the prosperity of New 
Jersey? What caused the first disturbance in the colony, and how did 
the people make a bad matter worse? When and in what way did matters 
again become prosperous? 242-24S 

288. Carefully trace the history of New Jersey, and tell how it came to 
be called East and West Jersey. 24^ 

289. What good, noble, and intelligent man is mentioned in this account 
of New Jersey? How was he connected with it? ^ ..^ 



290. Who was first governor of East Jersey, and what was his rule? 

243 

291. When was East and West Jersey united? ^44 



292. What governor, before mentioned as donning woman's attire, now 
became governor of New Jersey and New Netherland? Name some of the 
traits of his character, and finally what became of him. ^44 

293. What law is enforced in England, now as then, concerning the House 
of Lords, which protected him from arrest? 244 

294. In what year did New Jersey become an independent province 
and remain so until the Revolution? Who were her first and last royal 
governors? 945 

SETTLEMENT OF MARYLAND. 

295. Who was the first Lord Baltimore connected with our history, and 
why was he moved to seek a refuge for those of his faith in our country? 
He having died, what grant was received instead by his son? ^47 



A. D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 37 



296. What can you say of the constitution and settlement of Maryland? 

How did the Virginians feel toward them? 

247 



297. In what way did the settlers of Maryland gain the good- will of the 

Indians? What and when was the first settlement? ^,^ 

240-250 

298. When did trouble begin with Clayborne? For what reason? How 

did it end temporarily? In what way did he stir up the Indians'^ 

252 

299. When and in what way did he again make trouble for Maryland? 

252 

300. What was the assembly composed of in 1649, and what important 

act did it pass? 

^ 252 



301. In what manner did Clayborne gain a decisive victory over his old 

enemy? ^^^^ 

2t)2 



302. Why was the Toleration Act repealed? How long was it in 

303. Describe local disturbances which now took place, and by what 

event was quiet again restored? 

^00 



304. What man now came to Maryland to preach, and what sect did he 
found? 254 



305. What troubles again arose for Maryland, and by what means might 

they have been averted? How and when was quiet again restored, to 

remain until the Revolution? o-/? 

200 



306. How many of the Lords Baltimore were there? ^^ ore 

•^ • Note 256 



38 Colonization and Settlement. [period ii. 



SETTLEMENTS IN THE CAROLINAS. 

307. Name two early attempts to settle the Caroliiias. Why did they 
fail? .,— 

308. When and by whom were the first permanent settlements made in 
the Carol inas? .-^^^ 



309. To whom did Charles II. grant land in 1663, and what was its 
supposed boundary? ,^^^ 

310. WHien was the Albemarle County Colony founded, and what was 
its governmeiTt? ,^-0 

311. How and when was the Clarendon County Colony founded, and by 
what means did they flourish? ^^cq 

312. What was the great ambition of Carolina proprietors, and what was 
the "Grand Model"? What was its success? How was it received by 
the people? 260 

313. W^hen and why did matters go amiss with the Albemarle Colony, 
and how did Thomas Eastchurch think he righted them? What was the 
result? W'hat were the proprietors finally advised to do? opiopo 

314. Who became their next governor, and how did the colony prosper? 
Who was his successor? In the mean time, what trouble arose for the 
southern colonv? How did it end? ,-,,.-, 

315. Describe the general progress of these colonies until the massacre. 
When was it, and how many were killed? What was the punishment 
of the Indians? ^^. 

31G. How did the powerful Iroquois Confederacy, or Five Nations, 
become Six Nations? (.^. ^t,-^ 



A.D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 39 

317. How did the governor of the southern colony, or South Carolina, 

attempt to carry out Queen Anne's War in this country? Why did he then 

attack the Indians, and with what success? ^^- 

Zoo 

318. Describe the Spanish expedition against Charleston in 1706, and 

give result. „„_, ,,,,,, 

^ 265-2(5G 

319. Describe the massacre of the settlers of the Carolinas in 17 15. 
What Indian tribes were leagued together for this outbreak? ^. , 

320. In what way and by whom were the settlers in and about Port 
Royal saved from slaughter? 

321. What system of government prevailed in the Carolinas prior to 
their becoming royal provinces? „p„ 

SETTLEMENT OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

322. How did William Penn come to have the territory now known as 
Pennsylvania ceded to him by the crown head of England? ^,,q 

323. W'hat was the religion of Penn, and how did this to a very great 
extent immortalize his name? ^ ,„ 

324. What were the chief characteristics of this truly good man that sig- 
nalized his greatness as compared with any other in dealing with the red 
man of the New World? What is a synopsis of his speech to the Indians 
under tlje spreading elm at Kensington, Pennsylvania? What can be said 
of the treaty here made as compared with all other treaties? O70_9"'5 

325. How long ago was Philadelphia founded? From whom did Penn 
purchase the land on which now stands Philadelphia? ^-r 

326. How did he demonstrate his ruling spirit even in naming the 
^^^y- 275 



40 Colonization and Settlement. [period n. 

327. Bv what title did the Indians call Penn? „„^ 

328. Where and when was the first republican form of government 

established in America? n^^ 

2/0 

329. When did Penn leave, and what were his parting words? ^„„ 

330. Explain Penn's trouble in England, and how was he freed from it? 
How was he deprived of his rights, and how regain them? ^„^_.^_^ 

331. How many years was he absent from America when he returned? 
What great change had taken place? ^r-r, 

332. When was Delaware given a separate government? Why? ^r-r. 

333. What became of Penn, and how were his last years passed? ^^-q 

334. What reason had most of the people for settling in the different 
colonies? 280-281 

335. Name one of the most oppressive laws ever enforced in any country. 
What was the effect of this law, and what American patriot and philan- 
thropist suffered from it, in America? ^09 

336. What measure was finally taken to better the condition of debtors? 
Who was prime mover in the project? What does history say of him; 
and, although one of the most skillful generals on the British Islands, why 
was he not placed in chief command of the British forces in America at the 
time of the Revolution? 9Q9_9S;^ 

337. Describe the conditions of prison-life revealed upon investigation. 
What was Oglethorpe's vow? ^ca 

338. What wise course did Oglethorpe advocate as a relief for this evil, 
and how was it received by King George II. and Parliament? nn^^ 



A. D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 41 



SETTLEMENT OF GEORGIA. 

339. When was the charter issued for the founding of Georgia Colony? 
Why was it so named? Give its boundaries. Tell why people were so 
ignorant concerning the area of America. 

340. What was the colonization scheme of government? Name three 

of the directors. Describe the generosity of the English people to the 

Georgia Colony, and what was the inevitable result? ^oi not 

Zo4— Zoo 



341. How many people set sail in the ship Anne, and what three indus- 
tries did they propose planting in the Georgia Colony? Describe the class 

of people and the generosity of South Carolina. 

Zoo 



342. Who selected the site of Savannah, and in what year was it settled? 

285 

343. How did Mary Musgrove give aid to Oglethorpe? Describe and 
give the significance of the present given by Chief Tomo-chichi to Ogle- 
thorpe. In what was this meeting similar to Penn's meeting with the 
Indians? ^86 



344. Relate the circumstance that led the trustees of the colony to pro- 
hibit the use and sale of rum. 

Zoo 



345. When was Augusta founded? 

2oo 



346. For what purpose did Oglethorpe persuade the Indian party to 

visit England with him? Who composed the Indian party? Describe 

Tomo-chichi 's interview with King George. ooo oon 

Zoo—Zov 



247. In what way did Oglethorpe show his hospitality to the Indians he 
had brought over to England? Describe their visit, and which one died? 
How long did they remain in England, and when did they again reach 
Savannah ? ^ 



42 Colonization and Settlement. [period il 



348. Name another somewhat similar visit of over a hundred years before 
by one of these people. General Question. 

349. Describe and give the nationality of the people who founded 
Ebenezer. 290 

350. In what year did Oglethorpe again return to Georgia? How was 
he received? 290 

351. Whom did Oglethorpe bring with him, and why is their arrival 
known as the "Grand Embarkation"? 290 

352. Who were the W^esley brothers, and to what cause was the elder's 
failure due? What was his conviction, and what did he at last determine 
to do? 291 

353. WHiat person was sent as successor to John Wesley? What was 
some of the good done by him? 291 

354. Name two acts of Parliament which, if enforced, would have had an 
important bearing on the moral welfare and progress of the colony, ^gi 

355. Name an unjust law which did much mischief at this time. 291 

356. What steps were taken by Ogl'ethorpe for the protection of the 
English colonists from the Spaniards? 291 



357. Describe the progress of the Salzburgers. 



292 



358. What bold step was now taken by Oglethorpe, and what was his 
reason for so doing? What position did (ireat Britain take, and what 
military preparations were then made by Oglethorpe? 992-293 



A.D. 1602-1758] COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT. 43 



359. Why were Oglethorpe's messengers held as prisoners of war, and 
what caused them to be released? What difficulties as to treaties then 
arose? 293 

360. Describe Oglethorpe's trip to England about this time. What were 
his reports, and what effect did they produce on England? ^qo 

361. What aid was given Oglethorpe on his return? What other diffi- 
culties had taken place in his absence? oqq.oqj. 

362. In what year did England declare war against Spain, and what 
early preparations had Ogletliorpe made? In what year did he invade 
Florida, and what forts did he capture? „q. 

363. Describe the attempt to capture St. Augustine, and why it failed. 

,294 

364. What event two years later again stirred Oglethorpe to action? 
What was the number of the governor's army, also the Spanish? At what 
place was a body of Spanish troops routed by Highlanders? oqk 

365. What knowledge prompted Oglethorpe to make an attack on the 
Spanish position? What prevented it? Describe the ingenious scheme 
now put into execution by Oglethorpe, and describe how it was received 
by the Spanish camp. W^WP, 

366. By what chance were Georgia and South Carolina saved from capture 
and probable destruction? What did Whitefield pronounce it? ty^^j 

367. When did Oglethorpe return to England? Wliat is said of his 
last days? ^^q- 

368. Describe the condition of Georgia in 1752, and give reasons for this 
change. In what year did it become a royal province, and in what way did 
it come to be called the "Empire State of the South"? What church was 
established by law? 007 



44 Colonization and Settlement. [period ii. 

Having reached the end of Period II. of our nation's history, that we 
may better remember the events of this period, distinct and apart from the 
events of the other seven periods, we will now look back over this one 
hundred and fifty -six years, and see what has been accomplished since 
the end of Period I. 

First, we must realize that the people of America lived one hundred 
and fifty-six years, or thirty-two )ears longer, as subjects of kings and 
monarchs of Europe than they have since 'lived as a free, self-governing 
people. We must wait another thirty -two years before we will have 
enjoyed the experience of a republic an equal length of time with that 
which we paid tribute to rulers over the sea for the privilege of being 
ruled. 

The people, or the most of the people, during this one hundred and 
fifty-six years thought, or seemed to think, that in some mysterious way 
this virgin soil, which had been hidden from the eye of avarice and pro- 
tected from the greed of aristocracy for numberless ages, had suddenly 
become the property of those men who were then held up to the world as 
kings (born by a special dispensation of God to live off the industry of and 
rule over the less cunning and more scrupulous mass of mankind) , instead 
of belonging to all mankind in common, or to such as dared breast the 
storm and sea to escape the hardship of supporting an idle, worthless, 
useless aristocracy that could show no excuse for existence other than 
ignorance and man's willingness to become the packhorse of wrong and 
iniquity, so long as the agents of such wrong and iniquity permit him 
the use of sufficient fruits of his own toil to maintain life ; hence at the 
end of the Second Period of America's growth the people were devoted 
to gain -getting, with little or no thought of government, and the New 
World was slowly but surely following in the footsteps of the Old, with 
all its misery and woe. 



PERIOD III. 



ENGIvAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 
FROM 1758 TO 1783, 



25 YEARS. 



FROM THE OUTBREAK OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 

TO CLOSE OF THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION WHEN 

WASHINGTON RESIGNED HIS COMMISSION AS 

COMMANDER OF THE ARMY TO THE 

AMERICAN CONGRESS. • 



The reasons why Periods I, II, III and IV are so divided will be found 
iu the explanations at the end of Period I. 



Period III. 

ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA 

From A. D. 1758 to 1783 — 25 Years. 
FRENCH COLONIZATION. 

369. Describe France's interest in America while English colonies were 
extending along the coast. What did she aim to make for herself in 
America? ^99 

370. In what way did France display wisdom, and thereby gain an 
advantage over the English ? What was the most powerful agency in the 
accomplishment of this work? ^„„ 

371. In what way did the devotion of these priests bring fruit? What 
became of some of them? „„„ 

372. Give a brief history of Father Allouez. r^*^ 

373. What was the aim of Fathers Marquette and Dablon when they 
made their extended trip into the wilderness? oaa 

374. Why is it said there is more than one discoverer of the Mississippi 
River? Name some of them, and tell why the river was so named. 

300-301 

375. In what regions did Marquette labor? What became of him? 

300 

37G. At the time of La Salle's explorations of the Mississippi, what had 
just happened among the different English colonies? .3^-. 

(47) 



48 England and France in America. [period hi. 



377. When and where did La Salle bnild Fort Frontenac? .-...^ 



378. What great advantage for France did La Salle see in the Indian's 
description of the Mississippi? To whom did he apply for aid, and in 
what way was it given him? .,,,., 



379. What plans had Count Frontenac, and whom did he send to urge 
the favoring of them in France? What reward was granted La Salle for 
a duty well done? qO'W^()4 

380. When did La Salle again visit France, and wdiat authority did he 
receive? Who was his companion? ,3.. . 

38L What system of insurance is named after Tonti? Relate some of the 
trials experienced by La Salle in the next three years. r.r.. 



382. Describe the ceremony with which La Salle took possession of 
the territory of Louisiana in the name of France. What were then its 
dimensions? .^^^ 



383. Describe the return of the explorers, and how^ was La Salle rewarded 
for his discoveries by De la Barre, then governor of New France? .^^- 

384. What aid did the King of France extend to La Salle when he wished 
to undertake an expedition to the mouth of the Mississippi? ....^ 



385. When did this expedition reach America, and where did they land? 
What treatment did they receive from the Indians? oaq 



386. How man) unsuccessful attempts were made by La Salle to locate 
the mouth of the Mississippi? At the return of his second attempt, how 
many of the company remained, and how many of these did he take on his 
third and last attempt? oaq 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 49 



387. Describe the murder of I^a Salle, and how many years ere his death 

became known? ^^^ 

309 



388. In the next half century, what progress did France make in the 
New World? What land was possessed by them, and how did they set 
about to obtain the whole country? 



389. What was the Ohio Land Company, and what was its purpose? 
About how many English and how many French were then in America? 

310 

390. Describe the journey of Christopher Gist. When and for what 
purpose was it made? How long was he gone? . 



391. Who was the leading director of the Ohio Company? When was 
the great council of the western tribes held? Who was there from Virginia? 
What did the Indians agree to do, and what did the chiefs say? .^.^ 



392. How did the Ohio Company press its work, and in what way did the 
French view these encroachments of their so-called possessions? oi i 



393. What course did the French take in 1753? Name and locate 
several of their forts. oi-j 



394. How was this action received by the Ohio Company and Virginia, 
and what were their orders from England? What course did Governor 
Dinwiddle decide upon before taking extreme measures? qiiqio 



395. Whom did Governor Dinwiddle select to carry his message to the 
French commander? 014^ 



396. When and where was Washington born? How was it recorded, 
and when was this method changed? How were matters finally adjusted? 

314 



50 England and France in America. [period hi. 

397. Why was he popular with his classmates? Give an example 
of his love for his mother. What was his occupation, and how did 
he build up a robust constitution? How much did his pay amount to 
per day? 3^^3^. 



398. How did he come under the notice of Governor Dinwiddie? After 
Washington was summoned to Williamsburg, then the capital of Virginia, 
wdiat reph' did he grive to Governor Dinwiddie? oi- 

399. Give a detailed account of all Washington was to learn and do on 
this trip. How many accompanied him, and when did he start? .,-,►, 

^ -L I 



400. Who was Half - King, and why was he the friend of the English 
instead of the French? What service did he render Washington? o.^ 



401. When did Washington reach Fort Le Boeuf? Describe his re- 
ception. 3^^ 

402. Describe his return home, and when did he reach Williamsburg? 

320 

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

403. What was St. Pierre's reply to Dinwiddle's message, and what 
action did the governor take at once? What appointment was given 
Washington? 3->l_o99 



404. What measures did the Virginia Hou.se of Burgesses vote? Where 
was a fort to be built? 099 



405. What were Washington's orders, and when did he start to execute 
them? What two messages did he receive on tlie way, and what was his 
answer to the first? What report did one of Captain Trent's men bring 
Wash ington ? .3 9 o 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. • 51 



406. Describe the ambush by the French for Washington's army, and 
what warning was given him? o.-,. 



407. Describe the circumstance of Washington's firing the first hostile 
shot in the French and Indian W^ar. What was the result of the first 
conflict? 2.-., 



408. To what fort did W'ashington now fall back, and why did he take 
first command? On his way to Fort Du Quesne, what news did he receive 
that caused him to again fall back 'to Fort Necessity? 09 i 



409. When was Fort Necessity attacked, and what was the result? What 
terms of surrender were accepted by Washington? ^^-^^ 09^ 

410. For what purpose did the colonial governors invite the Indians to 
be present at the convention held in Albany, June 19, 1754? 09/- 



411. What famous philosopher was a member of this convention? What 
colony was he sent from? 09/^ 



412. From what colony were the delegates who presented the question 

of a union of the colonies for mutual defense? How was it received by the 

convention? 00/- 

6 lb 



413. WHiose plan was the "Plan of Union"? What was it, and why 
was it a failure? Q9f_o9-' 



414. What were the apparent relations between England and France 
at this time? What important action did England take, and when did 
Braddock arrive? S27-S98 



415. What three plans of campaign were now decided upon ? 090 



52 England and France in America. [period hi. 



416. What was the fourth campaign in progress, and by whom was it 
put into execution? Give the result of this campaign. What was done 
with the French and the Acadians? o.^q 



417- What country was in possession of Acadia, or Nova Scotia, at this 
time? Why was it deemed necessary to crush this colony? Describe the 
scenes which followed this decision. o^.. 

418. What can be said of Grand Pre? In what year were people driven 
from their homes and villages, and what became of them? ooi 

419. How has this act been commented on by historians, and how do 
most of them agree? What is said of Longfellow's poem "Evangeline" 
as connected with these incidents? Q'^i_'r:>9 

420. Describe Braddock's disastrous campaign, and to what was his 
disaster attributed? When was this battle, and what officer was wounded 
and died? 332-334 

421. What narrow escapes did W^ashington have, and what led the 
American chief to say he was protected by the Great Spirit? ^or 

422. What were General Braddock's characteristics? Describe his burial, 
and tell where it occurred. What was the general loss of men and officers 
in this defeat? oor 

423. Who succeeded Braddock in command of the British forces? De- 
scribe his campaign. 335-336 



424. What great French soldier was now governor of Canada? 



336 



425. What great undertaking was now planned by Colonel William 
Johnson? Where did he as.semble his troops, and what was the total 
number? Who commanded the New-England forces? oop 



AD. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN 'AMERICA. 53 

426. Under whom were the French forces at Crown Point, and how 
many did they number? 



427. What facts led Dieskan to organize a sudden attack on Fort 
Lyman, and what advantage would it have given him in the event of 
success? 



428. Describe the encounter at Fort Edward (formerly Fort Lyman) , 

and which force was victorious? 

ooo 



429. Describe the bravery of Dieskan and the kindness of General 
Johnson. 33g 



430. What reward did Colonel William Johnson receive from England 
for his services on this occasion? What forts were strengthened and built 
by him before leaving for home, and what similar work was done by the 
French? 3^^ 



431. Describe the farce carried on by England and France while there 
was fighting in America. When and how did it end? o.^ 



432. What was the campaign formed by Shirley and the royal governors 

at New York ? ^ , ^ 

341 



433. What commission was given Benjamin Franklin in 1756, and what 
instruction from Pennsylvania? „ ... 



434. How were settlements on the borders of Virginia threatened at this 
time, and what action did Virginia take? „ .^ 



435. Who succeeded Shirley as commander-in-chief of the British forces 
in America? Describe his fitness for this office, and who was his sub- 
ordinate? oA\ 



54 England and France in America. [period hi. 



436. In what way did Abercrombie render himself obnoxious to the 
citizen provincials in Albany? What startling news brought by Bradstreet 
failed to have effect with Abercrombie? '^41-34'> 



437. Why did the English have good cause for fear at this time? De- 
scribe the contrast between Abercrombie's and Montcalm's action. ., , 



438, Describe the fall of Oswego. What wise step by the French led 
nearly all the Iroquois to their support? .3 ,.^ 

439. How was the news of the fall of Oswego received by Lord Loudon? 
What action did he then take? 0^.7 



440. What led the philosopher Franklin to conclude that nature had not 
intended him for a military career? Who was his successor? o... 



441. Describe and give date of the Indian chastisement at Kittaning. 
What was the result of the year's campaign? o_io 

442. When did Lord Loudon call a council of governors of New England 
and Nova Scotia, and for what purpose? Describe his conduct and bearing 
at this council. oj^o 



443. Wliat was the most important work now before the English, and 
how did the colonists receive the plan of the campaign? q4o_o44 

444. What move did Loudon now make, and who did he leave in charge 
of the Carolina borders? Of the western frontiers? Of Forts Edward and 
William Henry? 0,4 



445. On Loudon's arrival at Halifax who joined him, and how many 
soldiers did they have in all? How long were they here, and how was 
their time occupied? 044 



A.D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 55 

446. In the mean time how did the French improve their time? What 
effect did this have on Loudon, and what foolish thing- did he do? ^.^ 



447. In what year did Montcalm move against Fort William Henry, and 
how was he successful? Name several noticeable facts connected with this 
surrender. „ .^ 

448. In what way did Montcalm pay a compliment to Monro in the 
terms of surrender? Name the pledges given by Montcalm and INIonro. 

345-346 

449. Describe the massacre of the prisoners, and who was probably to 
blame for it. Describe JMontcalm's attempt to save the prisoners, ojp 



450. What were General Webb's fears at this time, and what useless 
preparations did he make? ,,.„ 



451. Describe the condition of affairs at the close of the year 1757. 
What colony became a refuge for endangered people of the North? ^ in 



452. What is said of William Pitt? When urged to recommend a stamp 
tax for the colonies, what was his reply? When was he dismissed from the 
Cabinet, and how long afterwards recalled? ^ .^ ^^ .„ 



453. What was one of the first acts of Pitt on his return to power? 

Who was put in command of the British troops? What did Pitt ask and 

promise the colonies? Give some names of British officers who were placed 

in command. orr> or-^ 

350-351 



454. How did the colonies show their patriotism in response to the call 
for men and money? ^^^ 

00 J- 

455. When did Abercrombie assume command, and how many men were 
placed at his disposal? ^^ 



56 England and France in America. [period ul 



456. What was the plan of the campaigns in 1758, and who was put in 
charge of each? g^j^ 

457. Describe the campaign against Louisbourg. When did it surrender, 
and who was the hero of the victory? What became of Louisbourg? 

352 

458. What move did General Abercrombie and Lord Howe now make, 
and with how many men did they embark on Lake George? .^^^ 

459. How did Lord Howe manifest his interests in the soldiers? Ex- 
plain how his death occurred, and the effect it had on his troops? 0-0 

460. Why did Abercrombie fail to take Ticonderoga? Who was in 
charge of the fort, and how many dead did Abercrombie leave on the 
field? Where did he then go? In what year and on what day was this 
battle? . 3.3 

461. What is said of the capture of Fort Frontenac by Bradstreet? 
What was gained by this surrender? Why was this victory so depressing 
to the French? How many men did Colonel Bradstreet lose, and what 
fort did he build? 3^^ 



462. What move was now made by Abercrombie? o^.. 



463. What was the famous body of rangers? Where were they from 
and who commanded them? o^j^ 



464. Although the colonists suffered great loss from the war, what 
valuable lessons did they gain by it? g^g 



465. Who was second in command of Rogers's rangers, and how were 
he and several comrades captured? Describe his thrilling experience and 
escape. 35g 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 57 



466. What move did Amherst make when he heard of the disaster at 

Ticonderoga? 

356 



467. Describe the gathering of forces to attack Fort Du Quesne. Who 
was commander, and who was in charge of two thousand Virginia troops? 
What advice did he give General Forbes, and what did he write to a 
friend? 3^^ 



468. Describe the ambuscade of Grant's army, and give its loss. W^hat 
repulse did the French soon after meet with? „p,„ 



469. How was Fort Du Quesne captured and occupied? What name 
did they give the fort, and what great city grew up around its ruins? 

358 

470. WHiat interesting accoimt of Washington is here recorded? 

358 

471. Relate the incident of Washington's receiving thanks for his ser- 
vices from the House of Burgesses. okq 



472. W^hat were the points in England's favor after the campaign of 
1758? How was the power of France waning, and how did Pitt improve 
the golden opportunity of his country? opq 



473. What three campaigns were now arranged? Describe the capture 
of Crown Point and Ticonderoga by Amherst. What year and day did 
each fall into his hands? 359-360 



474. When, how, and by whom was Niagara captured? What were 
the English instructions after capturing Niagara, and why were the)- not 
fulfilled? SQ0-SQ2 



58 England and France in America. [period iil 



BATTLE OF QUEBEC. 

475. What was the most grand and decisive campaign of this war? 
Who was commander of the English forces? Give the strength of the 
arm^• and navy. On wdiat day did the army land? Describe the exact 
position occnpied by them? ^^^^ ^^^^ 3^^^ 3^2 

47G. Describe the location of Quebec and the Plains of Abraham. Who 
commanded the French forces, and how strong were they? What positions 
did the French army occupy? o/.^ 

477. How and when did a strategy devised by the French to destroy 
English warships save them instead? r,n.^ 

478. How was General Monckton enabled to destroy the village of 
Quebec at the foot of the citadel? ^nn 

479. Describe the location of the Plains of Abraham, and why had the 
French left it unfortified? q/:>q 

480. When did Wolfe attack the French fortifications on the Beaufort 
shore? What delay probably caused their defeat? What was their loss? 
Describe General Wolfe's sickness, and its probable cause. of>q 

481. What decision was made by the council of war held in September? 
From what position did Wolfe resolve to attack the citadel, and by what 
means could he reach it? ^nA 

482. What preparations were made that evening in the darkness by 
Wolfe's army, and at what signal, given at what hour, day, and year, did 
the troops drift down to the landing-place? o/^c 

483. What dark forebodings did General Wolfe have before the battle, 
and what preparations did he make in consequence? What verse did Wolfe 
repeat in low tones to his officers when they were nearing the landing-place, 
and what remark did he make in reference to it? From what poem was 
this verse taken? o/^rc 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 59 

484. Describe the path and the ascent of the army to the Plains of Abra- 
ham. What incident told them they were discovered by sentinels? When 

the sun had risen, what scene did it reveal to the French? ^.nr- ^nn 

365-366 

485. Where was Montcalm when the news of the British approach 

reached him, and what was his answer? „„^ 

obo 



486. Describe the attack by the French. What movements did the 
British make? S6r-S67 



487. How many times was Wolfe wounded, and what were his last 
words? 3g^ 



, 488. What other noble man's death occurred about the same time as 
Wolfe's? How many times was he wounded, and what were his last 
words? 337 



489. How many days after the battle did Quebec surrender, and what 
date was it occupied by the British? opo 



490. How was the news of the victory received in Great Britain? Why 
is the conquest of Quebec ranked as one of the greatest victories of the 
world? 3gQ 



491. Who was Montcalm's successor? When and where was the battle 
of Ste. Foye? What saved Quebec for the English? o/>q o^a 



492. Who was now commander-in-chief of all the British forces in 
America? 3-^ 



493. W^hat three divisions of Amherst's army arrived about the same 
time as he himself did before Montreal? What remarkable accuracy did 
this show on the part of Amherst? q,,/x 



60 England and France in America. [period hi. 



494. What division of Amherst's army expelled the French from Isle- 
aiix-Noix while enroute? .^-^ 

495. What was the strength of Amherst's army before IMontreal, and 
how did it impress the French Viceroy? ^-^ 

49(3. On what day and year were the lilies of France supplanted by the 
cross of St. George? When and where was a treaty signed, and of what 
territory did England gain possession? 370-371 



PONTIAC'S WAR. 

497. On what errand was Major Rogers, with his famous body of Ran- 
gers, sent by Amherst? When did he start, and why did he go into camp 
at Cleveland? 0-3 

498. From whom did Rogers receive a visit, and how did he deceive 
these people? o-j^ 

499. When did the fort at Detroit surrender, and how did Pontiac under- 
stand the act of surrender of so large a force of the French to a small 
body of English? How did the French traders influence the minds of the 
Indians? o- « 



500. What great scheme did Pontiac now plan? How long was he in 
making ready for the attack? What credentials were borne by his am- 
bassadors, and how much territory did these ambassadors cover? Why did 
the Six Nations not join the conspiracy? .,_;. 



501. When was the time fixed for the uprising, and what was the plan 
of attack? .3_^ 



502. How was Major Gladwyn apprised of the plot, and what credence 
did he give it? o-;^ 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 61 

503. Describe Pontiac's plan of attack on Detroit, and what day was 
chosen? What occurred to change his plans when he reached the fort? 
What was the signal for the Indians to begin their massacre, and why was 
it not given? q-^g 

504. How was Detroit saved from this conspiracy? What like incident 
can you name in connection with Jamestown? 0-77 

505. How long did Pontiac keep np the semblance of friendship, and 
what caused him to throw off the disguise? 0^-7 

506. Describe when and how the memorable siege of Detroit began? 
Explain the death of Major Campbell and the return of Lieutenant 
McDougal. gYs 

507. In what way did the English try to burn the fort? How did the 
English procure food? 070 

508. Who, when, and under what circumstances did the first American 
Indian issue " paper currency "? What credit is given the American chief 
as a result? 378-380 



509. Describe how a relief was intercepted and turned into strategy by 
the Indians. How was it discovered at the fort? oon 



510. Describe and give result of the attack by the Indians on the schooner 
of relief, from Niagara. WHiat plan did the Indians then try that had been 
previously attempted by the French at Quebec? o^q 

511. What tribes sent overtures of peace to Major Gladwyn which re- 
sulted in the exchange of prisoners? 001 



512. Wliat relief was again sent by Niagara to Detroit, and what attempt 
was made to intercept it? In what way did this show Indian strategy? 

381 



62 England and France in America. [period hi. 

513. How did Major Dalzell think to crush the savages and thus 
end the siege of Detroit? How and when was this plan carried into 
effect? 



514. Describe Dalzell's attack, and give result. By what name is this 
battle known? o^^ 



515. Relate the interception of the sloop from Niagara bearing dispatches, 
and what characterized it as one of the most singular episodes in the siege 
of Detroit? o„,-^ 



516. What other perils was the relief from Niagara compelled to en- 
counter besides the Indians? ..^o 

ooo 



517. A*bout how many months had the siege of Detroit now lasted? 

What effect was this prolonged siege having upon the Indians? When was 

a truce declared, and how did the English take advantasfe of it? ooo 

^^ ^ 383 



518. What fatal blow was given to Pontiac's hopes? Where did 
he and his leading warriors then go to stir up discontent ? Was he 
successful ? ^^ . 



519. While Pontiac was conducting the siege at Detroit, how did his 
schemes in regard to other forts bear fruit? or,- 



520. Describe how and when the garrison at Fort Michilimackinac was 
surprised and taken. oor 



521. When and by how^ many Indians was Fort Presque Isle attacked? 
What were Ensign Christie and his men forced to do? What course did 
the besiegers then take that succeeded in taking the fort? What pledge 
was given by the Indians, and how was it kept? What point did Ensign 
Christie finally reach? o^P 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 63 

522. Describe the singular escape of the garrison at Fort Le Boeuf, which 
was attacked the same week as Presque Isle. 

523. What can be said of Fort Venango and Fort Ligonier? 

ooo 



524. By what name had Fort Pitt previously been known, and who was 

now in charge of it? 

386-387 



525. Relate the visit to the fort by a delegation of Delawares, and what 
falsehoods were told by them, and also Captain Ecuyer's answer to them. 
What effect did it have on them when they believed Captain Ecuyer? 

388 

526. What did the Delawares tell Captain Ecuyer on their next visit, 
and what was his answer? How did they accept the challenge and threaten 
Fort Pitt? 33g 



527. Who was Colonel Bouquet? How many men had he, and what 
were his orders? Why did he delay at Fort Carlisle? On resuming his 
march, what route did he take, and how was he attacked by Indians? 

389-390 

528. When did the fighting cease, and what note did Bouquet then 
pencil to Amherst? What great danger was he and his army now in? 
In what way did he show himself master of the situation and overpower 
his enemies? 

Ot/ J. 



529. When did Colonel Bouquet reach Fort Pitt and relieve it of all 
<ianger? ^ ^^^ 



530. In what way was M. Neyon, the French commandant at Fort 
Chartres, of service to the English? oq^ 



531. How was peace with the Indians brought about at last? 



392 



64 England and France in America. [period hi. 

532. When and how did Pontiac meet his end? What points of simi- 
larity can you see in the lives of Pontiac and King Philip? ^qo 

533. Name the "original thirteen colonies. '^ Name the first four in 
the order of their population. What was the estimation of the white popu- 
lation between the ages of sixteen and sixty? ^^^^ .,a\ 



534. Describe the strength of these colonies, and how much were they 
in debt at the close of the French and Indian War? oq^ 



535. What was the one tie that bound all colonies together? 004 

536. What were the social differences between Virginia and Massachu- 
setts? Name some of the things forbidden by the General Court of Massa- 
chusetts. How was the use of tobacco discouraged? .^^^ , ..^^ 



537. Describe the progress of Pennsylvania. Who are Pennsvlvania 

Dutchmen? .,„^ 

duo 



53(S. What attention was given education in these times, and name some 
of the duties of the school-teacher? .,(,_ 

539. When and where was the first medical college in the United States 
founded? .j^.- 

540. Describe the growth of newspapers up to this time. What was 
tlie name of the favorite of them? oqq 



541. What may be said of the spirit of freedom and independences as 
manifested in the Congress that met at Albany in 1748? ..^.^^ 

542. What was the Navigation Act? What was the Importation Act, 
and when did it become a law? How was it enforced, and what effect did 
this have on the people? .^^ 



A.D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 65 



543. How did James Otis, Jr., come into prominence during the enforce- 
ment of the Importation Act? What did John Adams say of him? -^^ 

544. Explain fully the meaning of "taxation without representation." 

400-401 

545. What and when was the decisive step taken toward enforcing taxa- 
tion? What feeling did it produce in America, and how did they show 
opposition? 



546. What were the provisions of the Stamp Act, and when was it to go 

into effect? How was the news received in America? .^^ .^^ 

401-402 

547. What was the Stamp-act Congress? When and where was it held? 
What documents were drawn up and adopted? . 

548. What effect did this have in England? How was the good news 

received in America, and what became of the statue of King George at this 

time erected? .._ 

403 

549. How was the rejoicing of the colonies soon ended? Describe the 

advent of two regiments of British soldiers into Boston. ,^ . .^_ 

^^ 404-40o 

550. Describe the sad affair and end of James Otis. .^^ 

551. What was the first serious affray between the citizens and soldiers 

of Boston? What caused it? How many soldiers took part, and who was 

their leader? W^ho seemed to be the leader of the people? Describe the 

affray and relate the result. ,^^ 

408 

552. Describe the trial of the soldiers. When held and who defended 
them? What was the result of the trial? .^.r, 

553. What men opened the way for settlements in the southwest? What 
colony proved to be the first to move into the wilderness, and build homes 
for themselves and families? .^.^ 



QQ England and France in America. [period hi. 



554. What was Lord Diinmore's War, and when was it? Where and 
when was the decisive battle fought? How many did each side number, 
and who were their leaders? Give the result. 4()()_41() 

555. Who was governor in North Carolina in 1771? Describe his 
characteristics. ^-j^q 

556. When and where was the first battle for independence fought? 
What incidents led up to and provoked it? Who were the participants? 

410 

557. What deed of daring and patriotism, as well as celebrated reply to 
the British General Wallace, immortalized the name of Abraham Whipple? 

411-412 

558. W^as it the amount of tax on tea to which the people objected, or 
the principle of being taxed by a government four thousand mile away? 

412 

559. What was the signal agreed upon to be given by Samuel Adams 
for action by the assembly gathered at the Old South meeting-house to 
begin the " Boston Tea Party "? .-.. 

5G0. What events in 1774 and 1890 gave prominence to the 19th day 
of October as " Peggy Stewart Day "? ... 

501. What was the Boston Port Bill? Name other measures which 
England took in retaliation? .-. . .^^ 

502. What was the effect of the Boston Port Bill on the city of Boston? 

In what wav was relief extended to her? ,-,., 

4io 

563. What preparations for war were now apparent in America? Who 

were the "Minute-men," and whv so called? ..^ .f.-, 

41d— 421 Note 

564. What change was made in the government of Massachusetts in 
1774, and wdiat action was taken by the colonists as a result? What 
evidence of hostility did General Gage show? a^» 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 67 



FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. 

565. When and where was the first Continental Congress, and how many 
delegates were present? Name a few important ones there. ..- 

566. What was the general feeling at this time, and what important reso- 
Intion was passed ? To what letter was this resolution a reply ? .^„ 

567. What letter from Congress was sent to General Gage? .^^ 

568. Define the "Declaration of Colonial Rights" and "American Asso- 
ciation," What other acts were passed? ,^o 

569. When and on what conditions was the second Continental Congress 
to meet ? How many days had the first Congress been in session when they 
adjourned? ,^^ 

570. How did the King of England receive the petitions from the Amer- 
icans? Describe the revolt in Massachusetts. 4iQ_4.iq 

571. How many soldiers had Gage in Boston? Explain what is meant 
by his decision "to kill two birds with one stone." What night did he 
select to carry out his plans? -.^^ -,^^ 

572. How did Gage's scheme become known to the patriots, and what 
preparations did they make in consequence? ,,^-. 

573. What were Gage's plans in regard to the capture of Adams and 
Hancock and the stores at Concord ? How many men and what command- 
ing ofiicers did Gage send to execute his plans? i.-,. 

574. Describe the signals given in the belfry of "Old North Church," 
and explain their meaning. ,,^,^ 

575. Describe Paul Revere's ride to Lexington on seeing those signals, 
and what other man also rode to warn Adams and Hancock? 499_4oo 



68 England and France in America. [period hi. 

576. Describe the capture of Dawes and Revere by the British, and how 
did they gain their release? In the mean time, how was Concord warned 
of its danger? ^^o 

577. Describe the gathering of the minute-men on the village green at 
Lexington. Who was their leader? .^^ 

578. Give description of the battle of Lexington. When did it occur? 
How many w^ere killed and wounded as the result? 4.94_4.9P 

579. What were the words of Samuel Adams that morning, and what did 
he mean by them? ,,. , 

580. Where did the British now march, and what preparations for them 
were being made there? Describe the gathering of the militia and the 
skirmish at North Bridge. .^7 

581. Describe the gathering of the minute-men, and what effect did this 
have on Colonel Smith ? What action did he then take? .07 

582. Describe the retreat of the British back to Boston. What was the 
loss to the patriots and also the British on this eventful day? ao'-aoq 

583. What colonies now sent troops into Boston? How many did each 
send, and who commanded them? .^^r, 

584. When, where, and on what occasion did Patrick Henry make his 
memorable speech? What objection prompted him to speak at this time, 
and what effect did it have on the assembly? 4.qi_4.q'^ 

585. How did Governor Dunmore show his strong attachment to the 
crown? Name some of his threats, and what did the people soon force 
him to do? ^00 

586. How long did it take the news of Lexington to reach New York? 
What steps did they immediately take? .00 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA, 69 



587. What makes the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence an ever- 
memorable document? 

433 

588. What man assumed command of the Massachusetts levies, and how 
many did they number? 

trOO 

589. Where were the fortresses of Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and 

what made the former so valuable? What decision was made, and on what 

belief was it based ? , ^ , 

434 

590. What help did the Governor of Connecticut give the enterprise, and 
whose hand was it placed in? 

400 



591. What traitor first appears in the army at this time, and what advan- 
tage did he attempt to get over Ethan Allen? Why were they forced to 
surprise Ticonderoga with so few men? Relate when and how it was 
captured, and what the Americans gained. What other point did they 
soon gain? ^^^ 

592. On the same day that Ticonderoga was taken, what important 
meeting took place in Philadelphia? Who was chosen president? Why 
did this Congress hold a unique position? ..^^ 

593. WHiat advice was given the committee who asked concerning British 
trooDs soon to arrive in New- York Citv? ,o,, 

594. Who was in command of the American forces, and why was he 

deposed? Who was appointed in his place, and how did he receive the 

honor ? 

4oo 

595. W^hat British generals had already arrived in America, and what 
steps did Congress take in the defensive? ,<5q 

596. What was "the pasteboard money of the rebels"? How much 
was issued, and who engraved it? What was the total amount in circula- 
tion up to 1779? ^^^ 



70 England and France in America. [period hi. 



BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL. 

597. What orders were given Colonel Prescott by General Ward? De- 
scribe the fortifying of Breed's Hill, and what was the scene displayed to 
the British on the morning of Jnne 17, 1775? 441-442 



508. What action was taken by General Gage on learning of these 
fortifications ? ^_j . 

599. From what source did the patriots receive reinforcements, and what 
was the scene at Boston during this battle? Describe the first attack. 
How often were the British driven back ? What charge forced the patriots 
out of the breastworks? Describe the attack which drove them from the 
field. 4^4 

600. What was the total loss of the patriots, and what officer was slain? 
What was the loss to the British, and what officer of Lexington fame was 
killed? ^^4 



601. How soon after Washington's appointment did he set out to assume 
command at Cambridge? Who were his companions, and when did he 



arrive ? 



445 



602. What preparations did Washington at once begin, and how did he 
divide his army? What position was occupied by the British? . ._- 

603. What invasion was now undertaken that has always proved a 
favorite strategic measure when our country was at war with Great Britain? 
Why did it not prove successful? a,^ 

604. Describe the condition of affairs at Ticonderoga when General 
Bchuyler reached there in July? How were they settled? aaj-AAA 



605. Describe the incidents preceding the capture of St. John. 



448 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 71 

606. Describe the capture of Ethan Allen. When was he exchanged? 

448 

607. Describe and tell when Montreal was captured. To what task did 
Montgomery now apply himself? 

608. How did Washington pacify Arnold when he reached Cambridge 

with his story of ill-treatment. ,^,, 

^ 450 

609. Describe Arnold's expedition, and relate some of their hardships. 

How did Colonel Enos meet with public disfavor? . .^^ 

^ 450 

610. Describe the thrilling experience of Arnold and about fifty men 
who started to procure provisions. . 

611. In what respect was this attack on Quebec similar to Wolfe's of 

sixteen years before? How had the patriots relied on gaining Quebec, 

and how were they disappointed? Why did Arnold retreat to Point-aux- 

Trembles? .^^ 

452 

612. Describe Montgomery's work at this time, and what chief difficulty 
did he experience? When did he join Arnold and assume command? 

453 

613. Why are we compelled to admire the pluck displayed by Americans 
at this time? Who was in command of the British forces at Quebec, and 
in what way did he violate the rules of civilized warfare? .p-o 

614. Describe the preparations for the attack. What was the result? 

454 

615. What trials and hardships did Montgomery and his army ex- 
perience? ^g^ 

616. Describe and tell when the second attack was made. Why did it 
miscarry? Describe Montgomery's attack, with result. What was the 
result of Arnold's attack? Describe Morgan's attack and misfortune. 

455 



72 England and France in America. [period hi. 

617. What kind act of General Carletoii is worthy of note after the 
battle of Quebec? ^^^^^ 

618. How did the attempt to invade Canada at last end? .^^ 

619. What were some of Washington's trials during the siege of Boston, 
and how were they met? .- 

620. Describe the siege of Boston. What British general succeeded 
^^^"- • 460-461 

621. Of how many men did the new Continental army consist January i, 
1776? What new flag was displayed by them? Describe it. .p. 

622. How many did the British soldiers number? What advantage did 
Washington finally gain over them? When and why did the British 
evacuate Boston? To what place did they go? AC^-A^9 

623. How and when was Charleston attacked? What brave act of 
Sergeant Jasper characterized it, and to what was the name of Fort Sullivan 
changed? '463 

624. Describe the gathering of British forces at New York. What 
defenses had Washington made here? .pr 

625. What was the first step toward the independence of the colonies? 
What colony first instructed her delegates to vote for it? Name the com- 
mittee of five who drew up the Declaration of Independence. When was 
it adopted, and how received by the people? ..>P 

626. What step towards the enlargement of the army had England now 
taken? ^ ^^^ 

627. Describe the defeat of the Americans on I^ong Island, and relate 
how a dense fog saved the American army. .^^^ 



|A. D. 1758-1783] ENGI.AND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 73 

628. How, when, where, and by whom was General Charles Lee cap- 
tured? How was this event looked upon by Americans? .^^ .^^ 

629. Describe the dark days of the Revolution in 1776. What was the 
location of Washington's army? Of Cornwallis's army? .^^ 



630. What daring move did Washington and two thousand five hundred 
picked men make on Christmas night of 1776? What was the result? 

468-470 

631. What effect on the Americans did this brilliant move produce? 

470 

632. Why did Cornwallis feel so sure of " bagging the fox " at one time 
that he made preparations to return to England and report the war ended? 
How did his calculations miscarry? .„^ 



633. Describe when and where the battle of Princeton occurred. Relate 
the bravery of General Mercer. What was the patriot loss? A^f)_A7-\ 



634. Where did Washington now take tip winter-quarters? How long 
did he remain here? a^^ 

635. Who was the "martyr-spy of the Revolution " ? Describe him, 
and tell something of his life up to the time of his enlistment in the 
army. ^^2 

636. What was the information so much desired which Hale was sent 
after? Describe his capture and the discovery of his papers. ,p.3_,^^ 

637. What treatment did he receive at British hands? Describe his 
preparations for death, and of what brutal acts Cunningham was guilty. 

476 

638. Describe the scene of Hale's execution, and what were his last 

words ? Ann 



74 England and France in America. [period hi. 



639. When and where was a statue of Hale recently erected? What 
thought caused more than one eye to flash with indignation at this time? 

477 

640, What was the comparison given by the late Henry J. Raymond 
of Hale and Andre. 477-478 



641. When was the birth of "Old Glory"? Describe the first design. 
Who prepared it? Where does the house now stand in which " Old Glory " 
was born? From what is the blue field said to have been taken? .^^ 



642. Describe some of the early flags carried by the colonies. What was 
Benjamin Franklin's design, and what was its significance? 480-481 

643. What was probably the first conflict in which our flag appeared? 
By whom is this interesting relic now possessed? Where did the first 
British surrender grace our flag? ,^-, 

644. Although one of the youngest of nations, why is our flag among the 
oldest? What else may be said of our banner? .0.2 

645. What great campaign for crushing the Revolution was now under- 
taken by Great Britain? To what was one of the failures of this great 
campaign due? .00 

646. Why did Howe fail to send an army up the Hudson to Albany? 
How long has this reason been known ? .^^ 



647. Describe the brutality of Governor Tyron. What was the brave 
act by Benedict Arnold at Danbury? What reward was given by Congress 
in recognition of it? What was the loss of the invaders compared with that 
of the Americans? .0 . 



648. Describe the capture of General Prescott. For whom was he 
exchanged? 4gg_4gg 



A.D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 75 



649. Describe the movements of Burgoyne. What was the loss at 
Ticonderoga? ^^^^^^ 

650. What move did Schuyler now make? What was the touching 

incident of Jane McCrea? What effect did this incident have on the 

Continental army? ^^^ 

•' 488 

651. What indicated the growing weakness of Burgoyne? How did he 
resolve to strike a blow for the encouragement of the Tories? -^o 

652. W'hen and where was the battle of Bennington fought? Describe 
it. W'hat were the noted words Colonel Stark made on entering this 
battle? ^gg 



653. What was the result of the battle of Bennington, and what effect 
did it have on Burgoyne? .q,. 

654. Describe the siege of Fort Schuyler. How was the enemy at one 

time routed? .^^ 

490 

655. Describe the ambush for Herkimer by the Tories and Indians 

4eo 

656. In what way was the siege of Fort Schuyler ended without any 
fighting by the Americans? ^q, 

657. Describe the overthrow of St. Leger. To whom were these Amer- 
ican successes due? What appointment made by Congress showed how 
little Schuyler's services were appreciated? .qi 

658. What position was now occupied by Gates's army? By Burgoyne's 
army? ^^2 

659. On what morning did Burgoyne offer battle? Give result. De- 
scribe the aid given by Arnold and Morgan. What weakness did General 
Gage display? ^^2 



76 England and France in America. [period hi. 



660. What message did Biirgoyne now receive, and what was his answer? 
What was the condition of his army at this time, and how was the American 
arm>- increasing? 492-493 

661. When did Bnrgoyne advance again on the Americans? Describe 
the heroic fighting, and how was a cannon taken and retaken five times, 
to finally remain in American hands? Why was Arnold not allowed to 
fight? 493-494 

662. Describe the bravery of Arnold and Morgan, also General Fraser 
on the British side. What was the result of this battle, and to whom was 



credit oriven? 



BURGOYNE'S SURRENDER. 



495 



663. To what position did Bnrgoyne now take his army, and what 



course did he decide to adopt? 



495 



664. How many men surrendered to the Americans? Why were there 
no Indians to surrender? Name some of the trophies surrendered, and 
relate the kindness of Americans in caring for prisoners. ^g^ 

665. What effect did this surrender have on England? On America? 

496 

666. Why w^as the appointment of Franklin as commissioner to France 
one of the wisest steps taken by Congress? .^j,, 

667. Describe affairs between France and America at this time. What 
good result did Burgoyne's surrender bring to America? .qp 

668. When was the first treaty made by the United States with a foreign 
power? What were its provisions? In addition, what assistance did 
France agree to give America at this time? a^q 

669. What action did Great Britain take upon hearing of this treaty 
with France? aqq 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 77 



670. What inducements were now offered by Great Britain to the colo- 
nies? How were her advances received? 

497 

671. What other powers now joined France to aid America, with the 

result that as war continued Great Britain had her hands full? 

497 

672. Describe the capture of the forts on the Hudson Highlands. 

498 

673. What city was now threatened by the British, and how did Wash- 
ington try to save it? 

498 



674. What is said of the battle of Brandy wine ? Give the result. 

498-499 

675. When was the battle of Germantown? Describe it. Why were 
the Americans defeated just on the eve of a decided victory? .^.q 

676. Where did Washington now go into winter -quarters? Locate this 
place on the map. .qp 

677. In what manner did the speculators and wealthy treat our suffering 
soldiers at Valley Forge? W'hat was Washington's declaration concerning 
this element of citizens? -^^ 

678. What is said concerning some of the soldiers and officers of the 
American army in 1781? What did W^ashington write concerning the 
officers to two certain governors of the colonies? Wliat did John Adams 
write of this trouble in 1777? rni 

679. Describe the injustice of Congress to Washington in the promotion 
of officers. riu) 



680. What was the "Conway Cabal"? Name its chief supporters. 
What did Washington write Patrick Henry concerning this plot which 
showed the nobleness of his character? rQ2 



78 EXGLAXD AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. [PERIOD III. 

681. What was Conway's death -bed letter to Washington? In what 
spirit was it received by Washington ? ^ 

G82. Who was the most prominent foreign officer who gave his aid 
voluntarily in our struggle for independence? ;_,. , _.._ 



683. Name other foreign officers that aided us, and from what country 

each came. _^^ 

oOo 

684. What is said of Baron von Steuben? Why was he so valuable in 

the armv? ^,^_ 

oOo 

685. What was the strength of the American and British forces in 
May, 1778? gy. 

686. What changes were made in the British army in the spring of 1778? 

Give reasons for them. -^^ 

50b 



687. When did the battle of Monmouth occur? What was the rebuke 

given Lee bv Washington, and whv was it deserved? ^,._ _,.p. 

^ - !s ' . 0O/-0O9 



688. What was the character of General Charles Lee, and what became 
of him? How has it been proved that he was a traitor? _,w, 

689. Name two striking features of the battle of INIonmouth. Relate 
the bravery of INIollie Pitcher. What reward was gi\-en her bv Congress? 

510-511 

690. In what year did D' Estaing arrive with a French fleet? How was 
a battle prevented between Howe's fleet and D' Estaing's? .-1 1 

691. How did D' Estaing break faith with Washington? Describe the 

cowardice of the French. ^. . 

512 

692. What is said of the assistance of France at this time? ^^-.,2 



A.D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 79 



693. Where is Wyoming Valley? Describe it and something of its 
earlier settlement? 

512 

694. In what year did Colonel John Butler make an expedition against 
Wyoming Valley? 

01.0 

695. What preparations had the settlers made, and who was their leader? 

Describe the fight at " Forty Fort," and relate the result. ^* 

513 

696. Why has this country since been known as the "Shades of Death "? 

What awful fate befell those left in the fort? 

514 

697. How did one drunken man in a field put a body of Indians to 
flight at this time? How did a spider's web save a fugitive from capture? 

514-515 

698. Relate the scene of "Queen Esther," and the miraculous escape 

of two victims „^ _ 

516 



699. What is said of little Frances Slocum? What incident of early 

Massachusetts history does it recall? -^„ 

516 



700. Describe British praise and encouragement of these atrocities. 

516 

701. What man was renowned for his influence with the Six Nations 

in other wars as well as the Revolution? What Mohawk chieftain was a 

blood-relative to him? -^_ 

517 

702. Describe the aid given by Brant to his relative. -^„ 

t 

703. Describe the attack on Cherry Valley. In what way were the 

Indians more merciful than the white man? -,„ ^^„ 

51/-518 

704. What was the name of the first of the vessels ordered by Congress 
to put to sea? Describe her work. -^ 



80 England and France in America. [period hi. 



705. Of what vessel was Captain Paul Jones in command? When did 
he set sail? gjl^g 

706. Describe his descent npon Whitehaven, and the destrnction he 
attempted. What other purpose had Paul Jones in coming to this coast? 
How was his purpose frustrated, and what incident in connection with it 
shows the honor of Captain Paul Jones? ^^^ 

707. What naval victory was won by Captain Paul Jones "in sight of 
three kingdoms"? 519-520 

708. What was the strength of our navy compared with that of Great 
Britain at the close of the year 1778? ^.-,^ 

709. Describe the financial distress of the states after Congress returned to 
Philadelphia. What advice was given Washington by Congress? p-.^.-. 

710. To what part of the country was the war now drifting? What 
action was taken by the British? ^^^^ 



711. Describe the defeat of Robert Howe and his men. -r.^ 

ozl 



712. In what year did the lack of money and credit compel the closing 
of the campaign? What was the feeling among the patriots? ^.^. 

713. What man now assumed chief command in the South? Where 
did he locate? g.^.^ 

714. What is said of Campbell's cruelties? ^^^o 

715. How did Colonel Andrew Dickens and his men do good service 
in the South at this time? Who was the "Swamp Fox"? Describe 
his service. ^9^ 



A.D. 1758-1783] EnGI^AND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 81 

716. When and where did General Ashe lead an expedition against 
Campbell? Give the result and his loss. ^^4^ 

717. What was the critical situation in South Carolina at this time? 

524 

718. Why did Prevost abandon his intention of taking Charleston? 

525 

719. What plans were now laid for the recapture of Savannah? -^x 

720. What delay granted by D' Estaing gave the advantage to the 
British? What was the result of this battle? What was the patriot loss 
compared with the British loss? 595-526 

721. Relate the expedition led by Tyron, and how did he boast of 
showing undeserved mercy to the rebels? Of what service was General 
Putnam at this time? ^26 



722. When and how was Stony Point captured by Mad Anthony Wayne? 

526 



723. How and by whom were the Iroquois punished in 1779? 



5^7 



724. What great good did George Rogers Clarke do in the Illinois 
country? What forts were captured? Relate Colonel Shelby's exploit. 

528 

725. To whose resources have generally been left the description of 
our naval exploits? Why is it more fitting that it be written by the 
historian? koq 



726. Describe the "Mistress of the Seas" at the opening of the Revolu- 
tionary War. What advantage did our sailors have over her? 530-531 

727. When was the "Birth of the xlmerican Navy"? What was its 
object? 531 



82 England and France in America. [period hi. 



728. What important action was taken by Congress in reference to the 
capture of British war- vessels, or other vessels lending aid to the enemy? 

531 

729. What was the first battle fought by a regularly commissioned 
American war -vessel? Give the result. 531-532 

730. When did our first naval battle occur? Give result. What was 
the name of this first American war-vessel? -.,2 

731. In what year did the American fleet under Arnold attempt to gain 
possession of Lake Champlain? Why was this a desirable possession? 
Give the result of this attempt. ^oo 

732. What damage to commerce, in the year 1776, do British authorities 
admit? 534 

733. Give an account of the daring privateers ; also the capture and 
escape of some. g^^ 

734. Describe the first submarine boat. When and by whom was it 
invented? 534-535 

735. What is said of the return trip made by Lafayette and the scheme 
of the sailors to capture the vessel as a prize to England? ^qp^j^qa 

736. Describe the private expedition fitted out by Massachusetts. W^hy 
did it prove a failure? f5Q('_5'^g 

737. What ship was now given in command of Paul Jones? Why did 
he name it the " Bonhomme Richard ''? ^.^o 

738. Name the other ships and their commanders of which the squadron 
was composed. Describe and tell reasons for Captain Landais's ill-behavior. 

538 



A.D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 83 



739. On what day and at what point did the squadron find themselves 

in sio:ht of a British fleet? ^.^„ ^^^ 

^ 538-539 



740. Describe the preparations for battle between the Serapis and Bon- 
homme Richard. Give the hail from the Serapis and its answer, .q,. 

Oo J 



741. Describe the opening of the battle. Under what circnmstances did 
Jones answer back to Pearson, " I have not begnn to fight "? ~,^ 



742. What is meant by the frigates being interlocked in each others 

arms? What action is said to have won the battle? -.-, _,^ 

541-042 



743. Describe the treachery of Captain Landais at this time. In what 
desperate strait was the Bonhomme Richard now, and how did Paul Jones 
prove himself equal to the occasion? ^.^^ ^.^ 

744. Describe the surrender of the Serapis. What became of the Bon- 
homme Richard? About how long did this battle last? ^ ,.^ 

745. In the mean time what was happening between the other British 
frigate and the Pallas? „. 

OtcO 

746. What was the result of the treacherous conduct of Captain Landais? 

544 

747. What reward was given to Captain Pearson of the Serapis, and 
what was Paul Jones's remark on hearing; of it? --.. 

748. Tell something of the career of Paul Jones. WHiat proof have we 

that he was one of the most imswerving of patriots? When and where 

did his death occur ? _.,,„,_ 

544-o4o 

749. Describe the winter of 1 779-1 780. Describe the suffering of the 
patriots. _ g^g 



84 England and France in America. [period hi. 



750. What preparations did Clinton make for the capture of Charleston? 
How and by whom was this city protected ? _ , 

751. Describe the siege of Charleston, and on what date did it surrender? 
How many men became prisoners of war? __ , 

752. When and where was the battle of Camden fonght? Describe it, 

and give the result. Wliat singular coincidence is noticed in connection 

with this battle? __^ 

ool 

753. What brave officer fell in the battle of Camden? --^ 

754. By what officer was General Gates now superseded? __^ 

i 

755. When was the battle of King's Mountain fought? In what was 
this battle similar to the battles of Concord and Bennington? --^^ 

756. What is said of Benedict Arnold as a patriot? In what battle did 
he show remarkable bravery? Repeat some of the incidents of his stay 
in Philadelphia. _p. . 

757. For what reason did he deliberately resolve to betray his country? 
Of what important point was he given command? P-p. . 

758. What was Arnold's plan of betrayal? Relate the incidents which 
led to Andrd's capture. „^ . 

759. What is said of the capture of Andre? Name his three captors. 

554 



7G0. What was Benedict Arnold's reward for treachery? 



555 



7G1. When was Andrd hanged? What attempt was made by the British 
to gain his release? p,p,p. 



A. D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 85 



762. What reward did Andre's captors receive? -.^^ 

oob 



763. Describe the decline of the American navy. 



556 



764. What is said the sufferings of the patriot arm)-? What was the 
sad experience of the prisoners taken by the British? ^^„ __„ 



765. Relate the dispute over these words, "for three years or during 

the war." Name other grievances. -_o 

ooo 



766. Wlien did the thirteen hundred of the Pennsylvania line revolt? 
Relate the bravery of General Wayne, and how he quelled the disturbance. 

558 

767. How was true patriotism subsequently displayed by these men? 

558-560 

768. When and where was the battle of the Cowpens? Who were the 
patriot and the British leaders? Relate the result of this battle and loss 
to both sides. rnr. 



769. How did Cornwallis now receive a reminder at three places of his 
experience with Washington at Trenton four years before? Pifi0-5fi9 



770. Describe the battle of Guilford Courthouse. When was it fought? 
Give the losses to both sides. What was the exclamation of a member 
of Parliament on hearing the British loss? f^nn 



771. Where was Arnold at this time, and why was he said to be fighting 
with a rope around his neck"? p^nn 



772. Describe Arnold's raid through Virginia, and explain how the 
Americans attempted his capture. k/.o 



86 England and France in America. [period hi. 



773. What man now arrived from the South and took charge of the 
British army in Virginia? Why did he send Arnold back to New York? 

562-563 

774. What orders now reached Cornwallis from Clinton? Why did 
they anger him? p^/^o 



SURRENDER OF CORNWALLIS. 
775. Where did Cornwallis now locate? 



564 



776. Describe General Greene's success in the South, and how was he 
rewarded by Congress? p^^a 

111. What men were now in command of the French fleet and French 
army? What plan did Washington decide on? fSfi5-'=>fifi 

778. In the mean time, for what was Clinton at New York preparing? 
When he discovered his mistake, how did he relieve his mind of anxiety? 

566 

779. At what place did Washington leave his army for a two days' 
visit to Mount Vernon? How long had he been absent? _^^ 

780. On what day did the army start from Williamsburg to Yorktown? 
How many did the army number? p.^^ 

781. Describe how Yorktown was completely invested. What action 
was taken by the Americans and French on the 9th of October? Relate 
the damage done to the British. , -«- 

782. Describe the hopeless condition of Cornwallis at this time. De- 
scribe his attempt to escape and failure. -p^ pp^, 

783. On what day were terms of surrender signed by Cornwallis? De- 
scribe the scene of surrender. ^„^ 

568 



A.D. 1758-1783] ENGLAND AND FRANCE IN AMERICA. 87 

784. How many men did Cornwallis surrender ? Give the amount 
of war paraphernalia surrendered. What was the size of the army that 
brought about this great victory? _„ 

785. Why was this decisive triumph so important at this time? Describe 
the effect of this news in Philadelphia. ~^^. 

I 

786. What vote did Congress take a few days later? p--,, 

787. Describe the consternation which the surrender of Cornwallis 
caused in England. When and by whom were proposals made for recon- 
ciliation? P--,^ 

i 
I 
' 788. When and where was a monument erected in memory of this 

surrender? r-,. 

I 

789. Describe the service of Paul Jones in 1780. ^^1 

790. Describe the work of the Alliance under Captain Barry in 1781. 

571 

791. When and where did the Hyder Ally gain a great victory? De- 
scribe it. 5^^_5^3 

792. What were the losses of the patriots during the Revolution? What 

was the estimate of financial loss to America? --- 

574 

793. What may be said of the Loyalists, or Tories, during the war? 
What proportion of the entire people were Tories in Pennsylvania? In 
North Carolina? In South Carolina? try. 

794. What is said concerning Patriots and Tories by Lecky, the English 
historian? What was said by John Adams about them? __-__„g 



795. When was Savannah evacuated? cyp 



88 England and France in America. [period hi. 

796. Name the representatives of England and those of the United 
States in the peace commission at Paris. When was the final treaty 
signed? .^,. 

V 

797. When did the last British soldiers leave onr soil? r-„^ 

57o 



798. In what way was the lofty patriotism of Washington manifested 

when the soldiers invited him to be king? ^r-r- 

^ 576 



799. What were the words of the president of Congress to Washington 
when he retnrned his commission as general of the army? -„„ 



PERIOD IV. 

THK REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 
FROM 1783 TO 1829, 



46 YEARS. 



FROM THE FORMATION OF THE CONSTITUTION TO THE 

ELECTION OF ANDREW JACKSON AS PRESIDENT 

OF THE UNITED STATES. 



The reasons why Periods I, II, III and IV are so divided will be found 
in the explanations at the end of Period I. 



Period IV. 

THE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION 

From A. D. 1783 to 1829 — 46 Years. 

800. What was the condition of the colonies at the close of the Revo- 
lution? ^^„ 

577 

801. How long was the national capital at each of the following places : 

Philadelphia, Baltimore, Lancaster, York, Pa., Princeton, N. J., Annapolis, 

Md., and Trenton, N. J.? 

' ' ^ Note 679 

802. In what way did the gentlemen in America, until after the Revo- 
lution, typify the present Chinese laundrymen? _ 

803. What harsh law at the close of the Revolution did the creditor hold 

against the unfortunate debtor? ^„^ 

^ Note 579 

804. When were the Articles of Confederation agreed upon by Congress? 
When adopted by the United States? What did the following states claim 
to be their respective boundaries : New York, Massachusetts, Virginia, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia? _^p 

805. What extravagant claim of territory by the Virginians resulted in 
much controversy? ^„^ 

806. At the general surrender of rights by the states, what 'prominent 
part of Ohio was retained by Connecticut? ^r,^ 

807. What did a trial of the Articles of Confederation prove? p^^,^ 

(91) 



92 The Republic and Constitution. [period iv. 



808. When and where was the State of Franklin organized? How long 
did it exist? no^ 

809. What opposition to self-government nnder the Articles of Confed- 
eration was made manifest in Pennsylvania, Maine, and New Hampshire, 
as well as in North Carolina? ^on 



810. Where w^ere the discnssions held that resulted in calling a con- 
vention to meet September ii, 1786, ostensibly to form a stronger and more 
central government? What was the result of this meeting? -o^ 



811. Who were some of the ablest men who met at Independence Hall 
in May, 1787, to form a Constitution for the United States? ^n^ 

812. How long did the Constitutional Convention deliberate before they 
succeeded in agreeing upon the Constitution? When w^as the Constitution 
to go into effect? ^^^4 

813. What is a synopsis of the provisions of our National Constitution? 

585 

814. Why is it that no American citizen has ever yet voted at the polls 
for a candidate for President or \'ice-president of the United States? What 
advantage is claimed for the provision of the Constitution which deprives 
us of this privilege? ^^^^ 

815. If the President of the United States misbehaves while in office, 
how can we get rid of him? ^^^ 

816. Wlio are the legal successors to the President in case of his death 
or disqualification for office? ^^^r 

817. How was the Constitution received by the politicians of the coun- 
try? By what title were those who favored the Constitution known? What 
the opposing faction ? What was the objection raised against the adoption 
of the Constitution? -go 



A. D. 1783-1829] ThE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 93 

818. What date was fixed by the Congress of the Confederation as the 
day on which the government of the United States of America should begin? 

What place was selected for the meeting of the new government? 

d8o 

819. Why did not New York State participate in the election of the first 

presidential electors? ^^,^ 

Sob 

820. Whom did the electors choose first President and Vice-president 

of the United States? What number of votes did each receive? -o^- 

58/ 

821. While the Constitutional Convention w-as in session at Philadelphia, 
what action did the Congress of the Confederation, which was in session at 
New York, take relative to the Northwest Territory, and what were some 
of the provisions of the ordinance relative thereto? ^q^„ 

822. Under what law passed by the Congress of the Confederation, and 

not by the Congress of the United States, were Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 

Michigan, and Wisconsin admitted as states, and which largely accounted 

for them being free states? coo 

^ 588 

823. W^hat prominent signer of the Declaration of Independence, mem- 
ber of Congress, and patriot, who furnished fifty thousand dollars in 1777 
with which to feed the starving soldiers and assisted in raising other sums, 
was in his old age cast into prison for debt by the courts and under the 
laws of the nation he had nurtured and helped to create? f^oo 



824. What were the general life and habits of our people in those 
times? 539 



825. Why is the name of George W^ashington, who never won a battle, 
delivered an oration, nor was noted for his education, honored above all 
others in America, and revered throughout the civilized world? ggQ 

826. Had Washington been killed at Trenton or at Princeton or at Ger- 
mantown, what would have been the consequence? -c).2 



94 The Republic and Constitution. [period iv 

827. How long was he absent from home and property fighting for our 
liberty? gy^ 

828. At the time of Washington's death, what was Napoleon's opinion 
of him? What tribute of respect was at this time paid to this successful 
adversary of England by the British fleet under Lord Bndport? ^.^.^ 

829. What financial compensation did W^ashington receive for the six 
years' service as general of the army of the Revolution? ^^.^ 

830. When and where was Washington elected President of the United 
States? What length of time did it require to carry the news of his 
election to ]Mt. Vernon from the seat of government by the then most 
rapid means of communication — /. e., the pony express? ^g,. 

831. From whom did Washington borrow three thousand dollars to 

defray the expenses of his trip to the seat of government and inaugural 

expenses? What act of filial love did he bestow upon this person for the 

last time in life? ^^^ 

593 



832. What may be said of the journey from Mt. Vernon (Virginia) to 

New York? ^^, 

5.94 



833. What may be said of the great arch through which he passed at 
Tretiton? ^.^^ 



834. Where may be seen the buff vest, blue coat, and brass buttons 
worn by Washington on his trip from Mt. Vernon? ^ ^ 



835. By what title did our Congress decide that our presidents should 

be designated? ^,^^, 

59d 



836. What public building now occupies the site upon which stood the 
building in which Washington was sworn into office? ^^.^ 



A.D. 1783-1829] ThE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 95 



837. When, where, and by whom was Washington sworn into office? 

How was he dressed for this occasion? Where is the scene preserved in 

bronze? What act of revei-ence did he do in acknowledging the oath 

of office? Who now has the Bible used on this occasion? _„„ 

596 



838. Whom did Washington select as his Cabinet officers? ^^.^ 



839. What is the first incident of corruption in high places recorded in 
the new government? ^^^ 



840. What were the salaries of the first Cabinet officers as compared 

with those of to-day? „„„ 

bOU 



841. Of what did the naval and military establishments of our govern- 
ment consist at the time our government was organized, in 1789, six years 

after close of the Revolution? „__ 

bUU 



842. What was the financial condition of the country when Alexander 
Hamilton was first installed into office? What scheme did he put into prac- 
tice that put our government on a good financial footing? ^^^ P^^ 

* 

843. When was the United States Bank organized? What was its basis 
of organization and mode of operation? ^^^ 



844. WHien and by whom and for what purpose was a protective tariff 
first recommended to Congress? ^^o 



845. What is the national judiciary of our country? How constituted? 
By whom appointed? What noted American jurists made up our first 
Supreme Court? 603-604 

846. Which was the fourteenth state of the Union? From what does 
it take its name? nr^A 



96 The Republic and Constitution. [period iv. 



847. Who settled Kentucky? Why was that territory called the dark 
and bloody ground? 



848. What law student during Washington's first term as President 

invented the cotton-gin? ,,,, , 

uU4 



849. The widow of what noted general first suggested to Eli Whitney 
the making of a machine to clean cotton? ,,,,^ 



850. Why is it called cotton-gin? What was its capacity, and what 

effect did it have on the industry of the South? ..,,_ 

bOo 



851. Where, by whom, and for what purpose was the first National 
Thanksgiving -day appointed? ^.. , 



852. What provision for the permanent location of the seat of govern- 
ment did the first Congress make? P^P 



853. What issue brought into existence two political parties during 
Washington's first administration? What were the names of the parties, 
and who were the two most prominent leaders on either side? .,._ 



854. W^ho was the first governor of the Northwest Territory? ,,,,,, 



855. In what manner did the English treat the treaty of 1783? Describe 
the result of Governor St. Clair's attempt to plant a military post along the 
Miami River, in and through the Indian country, for the protection of the 
settlers? What effect did St. Clair's defeat have on Washington? ,..^ 



856. What noted general did Washington appoint to succeed St. Clair? 
By what title is he popularly known? p..-. 



857. For what is Greenville, Ohio, the county -seat of Darke County^ 
noted in the early history of the Northwest Territory? c^9-C'\'^ 



AD. 1783-1829J ThE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 97 

858. Where was the battle of Fallen Timbers fought? What was 
General Wayne's dispatch to the British officers immediately thereafter? 

612 

859. What was the provision of the treaty onr government and the 
Indians made at Greenville, Darke County, Ohio, in the summer of 1795? 

613 

860. What was the result of the outbreak of the French Revolution 

upon the American people? What prominent American statesman was in 

France at the time of the outbreak, and, returning to our country to take 

his place in W'ashington's first Cabinet, hoped to see our country give aid 

to the revolutionists? ^-,0 

bid 



861. What act of wise statesmanship on the part of Washington in regard 

to the French Revolution brought abuse upon him from a large element 

of American citizens? ^.o 

old 



862. What was the Citizen Genet incident of 1793? How did the w^ise 
Washington ably and diplomatically handle this incident, and thus avoid a 
breach between our government and the people? p-.., 

863. W^hat was the cause of the whisky insurrection in western Penn- 
sylvania and Virginia? What prominent person gave council to the insur- 
gents? How and by whom was this outbreak quelled? ^^ , 

864. What provisions of the treaty with England, secured by John Jay 
in 1795, so angered the people that they burnt Jay in effigy? q-^^ 

865. What valuable rights did we secure by a treaty with Spain in 
October, 1795? ^-^5 

866. What was the Algerine incident of 1785? What number of Amer- 
ican sailors and officers were made prisoners by the x\lgerines between 1785 
and 1793? What amount of tribute did the United States pay to this 
contemptible government? n^n 



98 The Republic and Constitution. [period iv. 

867. When and by what ship was the first American voyage made 

around the world? ^,,^ 

oil) 

868. What were some of the evidences of the ingenuity, growth, and 
enterprise of our forefathers in 1793, three hundred years after the dis- 
covery of the New World? ^^„ 

869. What is said of John Fitch's steamboat? p..- 



870. When and where was the first newspaper published west of the 
Alleghany Mountains? What can be said of the first two passenger-boats 
running between Pittsburg and Cincinnati? p.- 



871. When was Washington's farewell address issued? What can be 
said of it as a state paper? ....^ 



872. What is said of John Adams as a statesman, diplomat, president, 

and individual? ^^^ 

ol9 



873. What state of affairs existed between our country and the sister 
republic of France when John Adams became President? p.^.-, 



874. Whom did our Congress, at the extraordinary session called by 
President Adams, appoint as a commission to attempt a settlement with 
France? ^^2 



875. What answer did the French Directory make to our overtures for 
peace? To what celebrated sentences did our commissioner Pinckney give 
expression in reply? p.^.-, 

876. Upon what occasion was George Washiugton made general-in-chief 
of the army and navy in 1797 after retiring from the presidency, and what 
was his answer upon receiving his appointment? p,^. 



A.D. 1783-1829] ThE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 99 



877. What were the provisions of the "Alien and Sedition Laws"? 

How were they received by our people, and what effect did they have 

on the political party that enacted them? 

^ ^ , 625 

878. What insult against our government was committed at sea by a 
British commander, November i6, 1798? 

879. What was the result of the increase in our navy from 1799 to 1801, 
when a treaty of peace was made with Napoleon ? 

880. W^hen and upon what occasion were the words " First in war, first 

in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen" used as a tribute to 

Washington? Who was the author of the words, and by whom were they 

spoken? ^^„ 

^ 627 

881. What celebrated order did Napoleon Bonaparte issue to his soldiers 

upon learning of Washington's death? 

628 

882. What sentiment did the poet Byron express in regard to Wash- 
ingtou? g^g 



883. From what incident did New York derive the title " Empire 
S'^'^"- 629 



884. Why did the third presidential election go to the lower house of 
Congress for settlement? Who were the candidates? What was the result? 
In what way did John Adams show that he bitterly felt his defeat on the 
day of inauguration? 

885. What can be said of the personal character and history of Thomas 
Jefferson? ^3^ 

886. The repeal of what two obnoxious laws do we owe to the efforts 
of Jefferson? ^^^ 

LofC. 



100 The Republic and Constitution. [period iv. 

887. What were some of the reforms inaugurated under Jefferson's 
administration? ^o^ 

888. What is said of the great era of prosperity and growth of territory 
during Jefferson's administration? ..or 



889. What honor was offered to Lafayette by our government in 1803 
which he declined, and what tribute of gratitude was bestowed upon him? 

()36 

890. What act of humiliation was forced upon Captain Bainbridge in 
1800, and what was his forceful words to our government in consequence 
thereof? p.... 



891. W'hat is the history of our bombardment of Tripoli? With what 
final result? ^.w* 



892. During the time of our trouble with the INIoors, between 1800 and 
1805, in what daring exploit did Lieutenant Stephen Decatur engage? 
W'itli what result? r,,,. 



893. What is the history of the "bomb-ketch " Intrepid? What bravery 
was displayed by Captain Richard Somers, Lieutenant Henry Wadsworth 
(an uncle to the poet Longfellow), and eleven others? i'i\_('i-) 

894. Who prevented Aaron Burr from becoming President of the United 
States? What was the subsequent result? ...^ 



895. What was the first state formed out of the Northwest Territory? 
When admitted to the Union? Where was the first settlement made? 

045 

890. By what name was Cincinnati first called? W'hat is the meaning 
of the word Ohio? /. 1- 



A.D. 1783-1829] ThE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 101 



897. Who was the Federalist candidate for president against Jefferson 

in his second campaign? 

d4o 



898. What circumstance led Congress to adopt the twelfth amendment 
to the Constitution? Prior to its adoption, what had been the custom? 

647 

899. What was the name of Robert Fulton's steamboat? What did the 
people who ridiculed his idea of navigation by steam call his boat? How 
long was he in making the 150-mile journey from New York to Albany? 
When and where was the first boat built in the west? What was the 
name of the first steamship to cross the Atlantic? ^.^^ 



900. W^hat lady who when a child rode upon Fulton's first steamboat 
was living in Columbus, Ohio, in 1895? ^.q 



901, Upon whom did Congress bestow a gold medal, in 1839, commem- 
orative of his father's having given to the world the idea of a steamboat 
twenty years prior to Fulton's first trip from New York to Albany? ^^-^ 



902. W^hat was the British right of search as practiced during the first 
decade of the last century? np^ey 



903. What was the Chesapeake outrage of 1806? What effect did the 
many insults offered by England to our flag at sea have on the American 
Congress? g52 



904. What w^as the Embargo Act? What was its effect on our country? 

654 

905. What preparation for war with England did Jefferson make in 
1809? 653 



906. What was the " Non - intercourse Act"? ggg 



102 The Republic and Constitution. [period iv. 

907. What was the result of the English vessel Little Belt firing into 
the American frigate President in May, 1811? q^^. 



908. What was onr popnlation at the censns of 18 10? 



660 



909. Wlio was Tecnmseh? What power made him a brigadier-general? 

NOTK 660 

910. What event gave to General William H. Harrison the sobriqnet 
' ' Tippecanoe ' ' ? qq^ 

911. Who was the leader of the Indians at the battle of Tippecanoe? 
What did Tecnmseh do to his brother, the Prophet, on his retnrn after 
this battle? qq-^ 

912. What act of humanity did Tecnmseh do at Fort Meigs? AVhen 
and where did he meet his death? ^, ..^. 

XSOTE obi 

913. WHiat was onr naval strength at the beginning of the war of 181 2 
as compared with that of England ? g^^ 

914. What was the plan of action taken by onr government in the begin- 
ning of the war of 1812, and why so taken? ^, ,- 

915. What were the circumstances of the disgraceful surrender of Hull 
at Detroit? How was his conduct received by the American soldiery? 
What was the result and final disposition of his case? ^^^ 

916. What fort was situated on a part of the present site of the city 
of Chicago eighty-eight years ago? What was the fate that befell most 
of those who evacuated that fort at the command of the traitorous Hull? 

668 

917. What is said of the defeat of General Scott at Queenstown, and the 
action of the troops under General Van Rensselaer? P^q 

918. Who was elected Vice-president with Madison in 1812? pp^ 



A. D. 1783-1829] ThE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 103 



919. How was the news that Congress had declared war against England 
transmitted from Washington to New York in 1812? What action was 
taken by our little navy on receipt of the news? Who were the com- 
manders of the vessels constituting this miniature fleet? ^„^ 

920. When and by whom was the first gun of the war of 181 2 fired? 

What accident happened when this brave commander fired the fourth 

round, and with what result? „_„ 

d7U 

921. What part did Captain David Porter, father of Admiral David D. 

Porter of the war for the Union, play in the war of 1812? What were 

some of his characteristics? „„^ 

o71 

922. In what way did the cunning and forethought of an eleven-year-old 

boy midshipman, coupled with the strict discipline of Captain Porter, save 

the Essex from being , recaptured by the English prisoners, and perhaps 

himself and the crew murdered? What was his name? ^„. 

o71 

923. What vessel of the American fleet did the sailors in their super- 
stition look upon as the luckiest of our navy? Describe Hull's escape 
from the British squadron in his engagement with his English friend, 
Captain Dacres? What recognition of the services of Hull and his brave 
sailors did Congress give? What was the length of this remarkable conflict 
and casualties on each side? W^hat other two important naval victories 

were won? Where and by what commanders? ^^. 

■' b/4 

924. What engagement gave the name "Old Ironsides" to the lucky 
old ship Constitution? Under what commander was she then sailing? 

675 

925. Wliile our navy was successful in nearly every engagement, why 
were our land forces so often and disastrously defeated? r,„n 

926. To what cause is the easy and frequent defeat of the British at sea 

attributed? ^^o 

6/8 

927. What forts were constructed and what battles fought in the northern 
part of Ohio during the war of 181 2? /,«q 



104 The Republic and Constitutiox. [period rv. 

928. In wliat parts of the country ^ve^e the principal campaigns and 

enoragements of the war of 1S12? ^ ,.^ ,, , ^ 

'^^ 680-686 

029. In what battle did the gallant Lawrence lose his life? What was his 

dving exclamation that became Commodore Perrv's battle-crv? 

l)^o 

930. Who were called " Blue Lights," and why so called? 

00 i 

931. What is said of Perry's battle at Put-in Bay, Ohio? What was 

his celebrated dispatch to General Harrison ? . , , 

^ 088 

932. What characteristics made Tecuniseh one of the greatest Indians 

the world ever knew, and in many respects greater than many noted white 

men engaged in warfare? , ,^ 

* ^ 689 

933. What was Chief Wetherford's declaration at the time of his surren- 
der to General Jackson at the Great Horseshoe Bend, Alabama? p^..-, 

934. What is said of the sympathies of New England during the war 
oflSl2? ■ ^„, 

935. By whom, when, and how was Washington City captured during 

the war of 181 2? What havoc was wrought by the invaders? What were 

the words of condemnation used by the leading English journal against the 

British armv for their vandalism on this occasion? ,,„,^ 

699 

930. What incident prompted Francis Scott Key to write "The Star- 
spangled Banner''? ^ 

t OU 

937. When, where, and by whom were resolutions of secession first 

passed bv a convention of American citizens? ^.,-... 

1 00 



938, What is the description of the battle of New Orleans? How long 

did it last? ^^^ 

703 



A. D. 1783-1829] ThE REPUBLIC AND CONSTITUTION. 105 



939. What was the marine loss inflicted on Great Britain by our navy 

and privateers in the war of 1812? _^,„ 

^ 709 

940. What poem commemorates the celebrated battle of Fayal Harbor? 

W^hat were the odds against the Americans there? Where may the " Long 

Tom" cannon of this battle be seen? ^. , 

/14 

941. When was the law rechartering the Bank of the United States 
passed and vetoed by President Madison? What were its provisions as 
passed at the next session of Congress? ^-l _ 

942. What notice did the Dey of Algiers serve on our consul in 1814 
that brought on a declaration of war against that country in 1815? ^.-.^ 

943. In what way did the American navy accomplish a change in the 
Barbary-States business that all Europe had not dared to attempt? ^-.^ 



944. When were Louisiana and Indiana admitted to the Union? ^^ ^ 

/lo 

945. What American organization was the germ out of which grew the 
Republic of Liberia? What was the object of this organization^? For 
whom was IMonrovia, Liberia, named? r.-in 

940. What effect did the war of 181 2 have on the Federalist party? 

718 

947. What constituted the "era of good feeling" under the Monroe 

administration? ^^ „ r-10 

Head Note 1 19 

948. Who was the author of what is known as the " Monroe Doctrine "? 

What is meant by this doctrine? ^^ „ ^1 n -on 

•' Head Note /lU— /oO 

949. What wars occurred during Monroe's administration? ^onyos 

950. W^hat were the provisions of the treaty by which Florida became 
a part of the United States? i-.>o 



106 The Republic and Constitution. [period iv. 



951. What were the provisions of the " ^Missouri Compromise '^ ? ^^^ 



952. "What great public enterprise did Congress undertake during ]Mon. 

roe's administration? ^^^ 

t Zb 



953. What were some of the manifestations of love and honor shown 

to Lafayette on his visit to our countrv in 1824? ^^„ 

" I'll 



954. Who laid the corner-stone of Bunker-Hill monument? ^.t. 



955. What honors and gifts did our government bestow upon Lafavette? 

727 

956. W^hat prompted the first protective tariff law? When was it passed? 
What is a protective tariff? What is a revenue tariff only? What is free 
trade? ^ ,„ 



957 In what presidential election were there four candidates of one 
party, and no opposing party or candidates? ^^o 



958. In what way was the power of the people shown during the admin- 
istration of John Ouincv Adams? ^^^ 
~ ' Head Note i 29 



959. What sarcastic words of John Randolph brought on the duel 
between himself and Henry Clay? ^^^ 



960. What great work of public utility was completed during the second 
administration of John Quincy Adams? How was this notable public 
enterprise treated by that element of society which does not believe that 
the public should own the public utilities? What can be said of it unto 

""' '"'''■ 730-732 



961. What was the "American System" M-hich was championed by 
Henry Clay? ^ 



A.D. 1783-1829] ThE REPUBI.IC AND CONSTITUTION. 107 



962. What two prominent figures in American history died July 4, 
1826, just fifty years after they had each immortalized their names as 
chief actors in the deed that made a nation of freemen? ,_oo 



963. When were the people first divided into two distinct parties? 
Upon what issue? What name did each party bear? ^00 



964. Who was the first President elected on these issues? Which issue 
did he represent? «oq 



PERIOD V. 



CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION. 
FROM 1829 TO 1861, 



32 YEARS. 



FROM THE INAUGURATION OF ANDREW JACKSON 

AS PRESIDENT TO THE 

OUTBREAK OF THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 



This marks a new era in the early formation of the country, nearly all the 
territory theretofore belonging to our country having been formed into States. 
We began to increase the limits of the New Republic by acquiring additions of 
other territory that was claimed by foreign potentates. 



Period V. 

CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION 

From A. D. 1829 to 1861 — 32 Years. 
965. What manner of man was Andrew Jackson? 



734-735 



966. What was the "Kitchen Cabinet"? How did he look npon the 
officers whom we call the President's Cabinet? ^,„^ 

967. What was the result of his policy, "to the victors belong the 
spoils "? ^.^ 

968. How did a woman break up the Cabinet of Andrew Jackson? 

738 

969. What were some of the troubles experienced by Jackson in getting 

his secretaries of the treasury to withdraw the national deposits from the 

United States Bank? ^^.^ 

too 

970. Where are the Cherokee Indians to-day as a result of the mild, 
persuasive course followed with them by the "Great Pacificator," General 

Scott? .gg 

971. When and where did a locomotive first turn a wheel on a railway 

track in America? . _,. 

741 

972. What is the early history of railroad \entures in America? r-i-, 

973. On what grounds were based Jackson's hostility to the United 

States Bank? ^.^ 

/42 

974. What was the Morgan incident of 1826? ^.^ 

( 111) 



112 Consolidation and Expansion. [period v. 



975. What was the Black - Hawk War and its result ? ^ , . 

(44 

976. What brons^ht on the nullification acts? How was oiir flao- dis- 

honored by the seceders? ^,^ 

^ 745 

977. In what way was war averted? ^,„ 

^ 746 

978. How did "Old Hickory" bring France and Portugal to time? 

746 

979. What were some of the inventions brought forth during Jackson's 

administration, only seventy years ago, that we would consider a disaster 

to dispense with at this time? ^.„ „.^ 

^ 74/ -748 

980. What was the Quallah Battoo incident? How was it eventually 

981. How did Osceola, one of the leaders in the Seminole War, express 
his disapproval of the treaty the government was trying to force ujjon his 
people? What is the history of this war? ^^ . 

982. What was the extent of the great fire in New -York City in De- 
cember, 1835? ^gg 

983. What is said of the prosperity of the country under Jackson? Of 
the sentiment for free schools and literature, as well as internal impro\'e- 
ments? ^^^ 

984. What was the result of the government demanding specie payment 
in 1836? How did President Jackson prevent the relief attempted by 
Congress? ^^^ 

985. How was an attempt at assassination of the President miraculouslv 
averted on the 30th of January, 1835? ^p,^ 

986. Who succeeded Jackson as President of the United States? ..^^ 



A.D. 1829-1861] CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION. 113 



987. For what reason did Clay, Calhoun, and Webster oppose ratification 
of the appointment of Martin Van Buren as minister to England? How- 
was he vindicated? 

761 



988. What was Van Bnren's belief as regards the right of suffrage 
which corresponds with that of a large and growing minority of the 
present day? ^^^ 



989. What was the scheme of the bankers to "skin" the people after 

the defeat of the United States Bank? ^^^ 

761 



990. In what way was the panic of 1837 brought on? 



991. Had the government issued the paper money of the country instead 

of the bankers, do you think the panic of 1837 would have occurred? 

What action was taken by Congress along this line in 1 840-1 846 that 

remains a law unto this day? ^ 

/63 

992. By what title was Henry Clay popularly known? What compli- 
mentary remark was frequently made concerning him? ^^.^ 

* 

993. What was William Lloyd Garrison's demands as regards slavery? 

766 

994. How were Garrison and his coworkers treated in the beginning 
of their agitation by the leading citizens of our country? ^.p,. 



995. What attempt at ridicule made popular the " log -cabin " and 
"hard -cider" idea m the campaign of 1840, and thus to a great extent 
contributed to the election of General William Henry Harrison as Presi- 
dent? 

/67 



996. What two things brought on and hastened the death of President 
Harrison? How long was he President? Where is he buried? Who 
succeeded him as President? ^„/^ 



114 Consolidation and Expansion. [period v. 



997. How did President Tyler treat the "National Bank question"? 
With what result? , — , 



998. What celebrated American delivered the oration at the laying 
of the corner-stone and dedication (eighteen years later) of Bunker-Hill 
monument? What was his reply to the surging crowd when they said it 
was "impossible to get back from the platform"? What was the result 
of this wittv answer? ^ — .-, 

999. AVhat is the earlv history of the Mormons? ^.^--^ 

1000. What important treaty was made between the United States and 
Great Britain in 1842? , — o 

1001. What valuable cession of territory was secured from the Indians 
of the Northwest in 1844? ^._., 

1002. Who now owns the great ore mines of this territory? 

(Gf.nkrai,.) 

1003. What has become of the great mineral wealth that once belonged 
to the people of the United States as a whole? f--.. 



1004. To whom does it now belong? rGENER\L) 



1005. What can be said of the " patroon system" of 181 2? What was 
the anti-rent war? ,-_ , 



lOOG. Who was the first man to prove that lightning and friction was 
one and the same thing? , — ^ 



1007. Who paid for constnicting the first telegraph-line? What were 
the words of the first telegram? Where may it now be seen? ^.^^ 



A. D. 1829-1861] CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION. 115 

1008. What circumstances led up to and who was the leader in the 
revolt of Texas against Mexico? ^„p 

1009. What ended Henry Clav\s political career? ^„„ 

1010. When were Texas and Florida admitted to the Union? 

777-778 

1011. What may be said of the Cabinet of President Polk? ^^^ 

1012. When was Iowa admitted to the Union? What is the meaning 

of the name? W^ien settled? r^,,,-. 

780 



1013. W^hat two useful inventions were patented during Polk's admin- 
istration? ^„„ 

780 



1014. When was the present system of appointment to West Point 
adopted? When was the naval academy at Annapolis, Maryland, opened? 

780 

1015. W'hat was the origin of the Smithsonian Institute? Who prepared 

the plan? ^o. 

^ /ol 

1016. What is the object of the institute? How is it governed? r-r.-* 



1017. WHiat two ex-presidents died during Polk's administration? W^hat 
were the circumstances of the death of each? won 



1018. When were the Interior Department and Subtreasury systems 
organized? ^g2 



1019. What were the provisions of the setttlement of the Oregon boun- 

784 



dary ? 



1020. What was the cause of the Mexican War? ,jgg 



116 Consolidation and Expansion. [period v. 



1021. How was the power of the vote of one plain citizen of a republic 
demonstrated in the Texas - Mexican war history of our country? 

Note 785 

1022. What attempt did our government make to have a prominent 
Mexican become a traitor to his countr)-, and why did the attempt fail? 

785 

1023. What noted general was at the head of the American forces in 
the Mexican War? Who was at the head of the Mexican forces? ^-arv 

1024. What was " Rough and Ready's " answer to the Mexican general's 
demand of surrender iust before the battle of Buena Vista? ^or^ 

1025. What honors fell to General Taylor in consequence of the battle 

of Buena Vista? ^„ . 

794 

1026. What conquest of territory was made on the western coast while 
the Mexican War was progressing? ^„ 

1027. On what day did General Winfield Scott ride into the City of 
Mexico, take off his hat, raise his sword, and, proclaiming the conquest 
of Mexico, take possession of the empire? ^^^ 



1028. When was peace with INIexico proclaimed, and what were the 
provisions of the Guadaloupe-Hidalgo treaty as approved by the American 

S^"^^^- 800-802 

1029, When, where, and by whom was gold discovered in California? 
What can be said of the gold excitement? o^^. ono 



1030. When was Wisconsin admitted to the Union? orjo 



1031. What was the Wilmot Proviso? o^o 



1032. Who was elected President in 1848? 



804 



A. D. 1829-1861] CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION. 117 



1033. Who were the two most prominent statesmen in 1848? Why 
was Zachary Taylor selected as President instead of one of these great 
politicians ? 

805 



1034. How does this selection demonstrate that our nation's welfare may 
be as well looked after by having a plain, common citizen as an executive 
as an acute, cunnina- schemer? 

* 805 . 

1035. W^hy did the question to admit California to the Union renew the 
slavery debate in spite of the Missouri Compromise? q^^„ 

1036. W^hat can be said of the proposition of New Mexico to be admitted 
to the Union? g^^, 

1037. What was the last great compromise measure submitted by the 
greatest of all compromisers, Henry Clay? What were its chief pro- 
visions? gQg 

1038. When did President Taylor die? Who succeeded him? ^^.q 

1039. What was the underground railroad in slavery times? (.qq 

1040. W'hat is a brief history of California up to the time of its ad- 
mission to the Union? g-j^Q 

1041. What three foremost statesmen died during Fillmore's adminis- 
tration? How did each of these men stand before the American people? 

812 

1042. What were the circumstances of the execution of an American 
colonel by the Spanish in Cuba in 1851? g-|^^ 

1043. W'hat has been the result of the attempts to reach the north and 
south poles? 816-817 



118 CONSOIJDATION AND EXPANSION. [PERIOD V. 

1044. How was a treaty of friendship and commerce obtained with Japan 
in 1853? What is said of Japan prior to this time? What rank does slie 
occnpy to-day among the nations of the world ? 01- 

1045. What was the " Washingtoniau movement''? When was the 
Maine liqnor-law of the present day passed? ^.o 

104G. Who paid for the snrveys across the continent to ascertain the 
most available routes through the mountains for railroads? ^.^ 

1047. What was the answer of Edward Everett, our Secretary of State, 
to the impudent suggestions of England and France, in 1852, relative to 
Cuba? ^^y 

1048. What answer did our government make to the eloquent Kossuth 
and his fellow-patriots, in 1852, when they came here asking our interven- 
tion in their behalf toward securing independence for Hungary? ^.q 

1049. Who was elected President in 1852? Who was his Secretary of 
War? How old was he when elected? What can be said of his Cabinet? 

820-822 

1050. What was the Koszta incident? How was it finally settled? 
What honors were bestowed upon Captain Ingraham in consequence of 
this incident? o.^o oi- 

o J, J,—ci so 

1051. How many expeditions to the West did the great American 

" Pathfinder" make? ^ ,^ 

b'lo 

1052. What part did the celebrated Kit Carson perform in these expe- 
ditions? o )- 

o2o 

1053. Why was Fremont's fourth expedition not made under the auspices 
of our government, as had been his former trips? „,^^ 



1054. What may be said of this awful journey? ^.^^ 



A. D. 1829-1S61] Consolidation and Expansion. 119 

1055. When was his last expedition made? What civil honors were 
bestowed upon him? When and where did he die? ^^^p- ^o^ 

1056. What insult was offered our country in 1854 by Spain? g,orj 

1057. What was the Ostend Circular? By whom was it issued? ^^-v 

1058. What is the history of General William W^alker and his escapades? 

832 

1059. How were the neutrality laws violated through the intrigues of 
the English consuls and British Minister during Pierce's administration? 
What action was taken by our government in the matter? ^,0.^ 

1060. Why did the United States agree to pay Mexico ten million dollars 
in 1854? 333 

1061. W^hat were the chief provisions of the reciprocity treaty of 1854? 

833 

1062. When was the Missouri Compromise bill repealed? What was 

the act called? 000 

« 

1063. W^hat brought on the civil war in Kansas? Describe some of the 
chief features of that memorable reign of terror. How did it result in 
the end? 835-837 

1064. What was the result of Senator Sumner's stinging speech on the 
"crime against Kansas"? How was his brutal assailant received in the 
South ? Qon 

1065. When and where was the "Know-Nothing " movement organized? 
What was its object? goo 

1066. What were the foundation principles of the first Republican con- 
vention which met at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania? 030 



120 Consolidation and Expansion. [period v. 

1067. Who were the first nominees of the Republican party at their 
convention in Philadelphia, June 17, 1856? ooq 



1068. What was the result of the presidential election of 1856? ^ 



839 



1069. In what manner did the slavery question and the spirit of secession 
affect the Cabinet of Buchanan? ^.^ 

1070. What were the Mormon troubles of 1857-1860? q ... 

1071. What prominent Mormon has served in the United States Con- 
gress for a number of years? oj^o 

1072. Who was Dred Scott? WHiat was the Dred- Scott decision? 

845 

1073. To whom is the credit due for completing the first oceanic cable? 
When was the first perfect insulation accomplished? o^p- 

1074. Bv whom and when was the dispute between England and the 
United States settled as to which belonged the island of San Juan, near the 
island of \'ancouver? j. .^ 

1075. Where and when was oil first found in great quantities? o^q 

1076. Who was John Brown? How many persons did he have with 
him at the time of his raid on Harper's Ferry? What was their plan of 
operation? How many persons were killed by Brown and his men? How 
many of Brown's men were killed? What was the ultimate fate of Brown 
and his six companions that were captured? o.q 



1077. How many presidential tickets were before the people in i860? 
Who were the nominees of each, arid what were the principles defined by 
each? What was the result of this election? ^.p.^ 



A.D. 1829-1861] CONSOLIDATION AND EXPANSION. 121 

1078. When and where was the first resohition of secession by a southern 
state adopted? What ideas were set forth in this resohition? What were 
the steps taken by the seceding state to carry the provisions of the resolu- 
tions into effect, and to bring other states to the same action? ^ri 

ool 

1079. In what way did Floyd, the Secretary of War, aid the seces- 
sionists, and attempt to hinder the regular gov'ernment officers from prop- 

erh' fortifying; and defending themselves? „_,.- 

■^ * 853 

1080. What events and what date officially mark the beginning of the 

War of the Rebellion? __. 

o54 

1081. When and where did the general convention of the seceding states 
meet? After resolving themselves into a congress, what acts did they pass? 
When did they elect a president and vice-president? ^^. 



1082. Where was located one of the United States mints in January, 
i86i? What did the Confederates do with it? o-- 

NOTE ooo 



1083. On what date did the general convention of the seceding states 
meet at Montgomery, Alabama? r,-- 

1084. Who was chosen chairman of the Montgomery Convention? What 
prominent position did he occupy a short time before? What notable ex- 
pression did he make in his address? orr 



1085. When were the president and vice-president of the Confederacy 
elected? g^g 



1086. Who were elected president and vice-president of the Southern 

Confederacy? What prominent positions *did they previously occupy? 

What manner of men were thev? o-/^ 

8oD 



1087. When were the president and vice-president of the Southern Con- 
federacy inaugurated? When was Abraham Lincoln inaugurated? c,^n 



122 Consolidation and Expansion. [period v. 



1088. What condition of government in the United States confronted 
Abraham Lincoln tlie hour he became President? ,^^ , > 

( LtENERAL.J 

1089. What was the gist of the argnment set forth in President Davis's 
inaugural address in justification of the secession and formation of a new 
government? o-/^ 

1090. What was the special authority given President Davis by the 
Confederate Congress? <jp-- 

lOOl. While the Southern States were seceding from the Union, while 
government officials and members of Congress were resigning their high 
stations and joining the revolt, while large pieces were being torn out of 
the fabric of the great Republic and a new and opposing government was 
being formed, what was the grave, plain citizen, Abraham Lincoln, doing 
at his Illinois home? o-o 

1092. What were some of the leading characteristics of Abraham Lincoln 

as a citizen, a statesman, a man that made himself beloved by all who came 

in contact with him? o/^,^ 

860 

1093. In what way were the boyhood and earl\- manhood days of Lincoln 
spent? ggQ 

1094. What position of honor did he fill before he was elected to the 
presidency? gg. 



1<>95. In what did Lincoln's genius lie? q^,^ 

1096. What was Lincoln's reply to the committee of preachers who 
waited on him, and wanted him to remove General Grant for drunken- 
ness? • gg^ 



PERIOD VI. 

THE WAR FOR THE UNION. 
FROM 1861 TO 1865, 



4 YEARS. 



FROM THE INAUGURATION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN 
AS PRESIDENT AND OUTBREAK OF CIVIL WAR 

TO THE 

ASSASSINATION AND FUNERAL OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN 

AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE REBELLION. 



This four years is essentially a period b}' itself — a period in which the 
National household was at war with itself — a contest the like of which the world 
had never before beheld, four years of hatred and strife, of bloodshed and carnage, 
resulting in placing the stamp of disapproval on the doctrine that the body, soul 
and liberty of one man could he the property of another — a period in the history 
of the world as well as of America. 



Period VI. 

THE WAR FOR THE UNION 

From A. D. 1861 To 1865 — 4 Years. 

1097. Describe the great concern manifested for President-elect Lincoln 
before his inauguration. What speech did he make in Philadelphia in 
which he mentioned assassination? What warning did he receive before 
leaving the city? ^^^_^^^ 



1098. What state was the pioneer in secession, and what warlike prepara- 
tions did she make? 

866 



1099. Of whom was Fort Sumter in charge ? Why was General Beauregard 

anxious to accomplish the surrender of this fort immediately? ,,,,„ 

866 



1100. Describe the bombardment of Fort Sumter and the excitement 

which it caused in the North and South. How long did this bombardment 

continue? When did the fort surrender? „^^ ^^„ 

867-868 

1101. For how many volunteers did Lincoln first call? What was the 
result of this call, in the North and in the South? 

oby 

1102. Which states seceded and which remained neutral? ^^n 

oby 

1103. How did President Davis now address the people of the South? 

869-870 

1104. From what state were the first northern troops who arrived in 
Washington? On what memorable day did they pass through Baltimore? 

( 125 ) 870 



126 The War for the Union. [period vl 

1105. Describe the reception given these troops while marching throngh 
Baltimore on their way to Washington. or-,. 

HOC). Describe the great relief which was felt in Washington on the 
arri\'al of the troops. , r,^., 

1107. Why was Harper's Ferry so valuable to the North? Relate how 

it fell into Confederate hands. or-/. 

h/0 

1108. What preparations did the Virginians make to seize Norfolk 
Navy -Yard? Describe its burning, and explain its profit to the Confed- 
erates therebv. .,-i 

o<i 

1109. WHiat other troops were found necessary to protect Washington? 
When did President Lincoln issue a second call for volunteers? How 
inanv were called for, and what was their term of enlistment? or-^ 

1110. What can you say of General Benjamin Butler? Describe his 
active service around Baltimore. How did Lieutenant-General Scott check 
General Butler in his effort to stop persons from offering help to the Con- 
federates? How did President Lincoln punish him? c7Q_e"4. 

1111. Describe and locate Fort INIonroe. When built and in whose 
honor named? o- . 

111".^. When and how did the expression "contraband of war" as applied 
to negroes first originate? With what favor did it meet? or-i 

1113. When was the attack on Big Bethel? Describe it, and tell what 

mistake was made. Ciix'e the result of this battle, and the number killed 

and wounded. or-- 

o/o 

1114. When and where did Colonel Lew Wallace attack a Confederate 
force in Northwestern Virginia? What was the result, and how did it 
bring about important changes? n^r' 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UniON. 127 

1115. When and where did General George B. McClellan first take an 
active part in the War for the Union? Against whose command did he 
first appear? What were the former relations between these two com- 
manders? g^^ 



1116. Describe McClellan's victory over his former instructor at West 
Point. When did it occur? Why did this victory cause so much enthu- 
siasm in the North? o„„ 

o7o 



1117. Describe the gathering of the extra session of Congress on July 4, 
1 86 1. Describe the war-spirit in the South. t2^„ 



1118. What is a writ of habeas corpus? Why was it found necessary 
to suspend it? What pointed question did Lincoln ask when this decision 
was disputed? ^^o 



1119. What decisive warlike measures did this Congress adopt? What 
like measures were adopted by the Confederate Congress? o-q 

1120. What attitude did the aristocracy of England and France take in 
this civil war? Give reasons for their sympathy with the South? When 
did England's day of reckoning come as a consequence of her aid to the 
Southern Confederacy? ^^^^ p^^^ ^3^3^ g.^ 



1121. Describe the stand taken by Gladstone in favor of Jefferson Davis, 
W'hicli did Queen Victoria favor? o^q 



1122. What notice did President Lincoln receive from President Davis 
after his proclamation concerning captured Confederate privateers? What 
arrangement was then made with them? ooq 



1123. To what city was the Confederate capital now transferred? How 
did that act anger the North, and what cry was taken up? What was its 
meaning? gg^ 



128 The War for the Union. [period vl 



1124. Describe the manner in which Virginia was held in the enemy's 
grasp. What was the position of the Confederate forces in the state? 
Describe the plan of attack by the Union. ,,,, . 

1125. Describe the advance of the army out of Washington. Give the 
general opinion. ^o.;, 

1126. Describe and locate Bull Run. What was the position of Beaure- 
gard's army? gg^ 

1127. How was Beauregard's army reinforced while waiting for the 
attack of the Union soldiers? oqo 

1128. What was the Union plan of attack? How did General Thomas J. 
Jackson receive the name of ' ' Stonewall ' ' ? o o^ 

1129. How was Johnston reinforced by Kirby Smith? What effect did 

it have on the results of this battle? Describe the j)anic into which the 

Union men were thrown. o,,,, 

boo 

1130. In what way might the Confederates have gained a still greater 
triumph? Why did they not take advantage of the opportunity? j.^.- 

1131. Where does the blame seem to lie in this defeat of Bull Run? 
WHiat were the losses to both Confederate and Union forces? On what 
day was this battle fought? ooo 

1132. What were the different feelings which this battle produced in 
the North and the South? Why was this defeat probably the best thing 
that could have happened to the North? Why the worst possible for the 
South? 8S9 

1133. What popular leader was in August, i86i, placed in command 
of the Department of the Potomac? What important truth did the author- 
ities learn at this time? What bill passed by Congress caused the dismissal 
of three hundred and ten army officers inside of eight months? gq^ 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UNION. 129 



1134. What object did the Confederates have in view when they sent 
General Floyd to reinforce General Wise in West Virginia? What was 
their plan? 

1135. When and where did a battle take place between Rosecrans and 
Floyd? Describe it, and give the result. „„ 

1136. Describe the frightful Union disaster which occurred in October. 
When and where was it? Give the Union loss. ^^^ 

1187. In what state of unrest was Missouri placed at this time? Who 
was governor, and what were his views? What demand was made upon 
Captain Lyon? Describe his work in capturing prisoners and quieting 
mobs. gg^ 

1138. What proclamation was at this time issued by Governor Jackson? 
How were the Confederate forces under Price dispersed? Of what service 
was Colonel Franz Sigel? „„-, 

1139. Who was commander of the Confederate army in Kansas? How 
was he reinforced? Who commanded the opposing forces? ^.^.^ 

1140. Why was martial law made necessary in Missouri? Describe the 
proclamation of Fremont. ^^.^ 

1141. Describe the defeat and loss of General Lyon. What was the 
entire loss? oq- 



1142. What is the description of the defeat of General Mulligan about 
this time? g^^ 

1143. Who were the " Jayhawkers " ? r,QK 

1144. Describe the desolation of Missouri. on- 



130 The War for the Union. [period vi. 



1145. What was the state of affairs in Kentucky? What did Governor 

Magoffin attempt to do, and what were his demands upon Presidents Lincoln 

and Davis? Give the answer of each. ___ 

8Uo 

1146. What proclamation was Governor Magoffin forced to issue against 
^'' "'"• ■ 895 

1147. What was the end of Kentucky's neutrality? Describe the battle 
of Belmont. ^^^ 

1148. What products could England and the Confederacy exchange with 
so much profit to both? Describe the methods by which this exchange was 
accomplished. ^^^_^^^ 

1149. Why was the South better prepared for war than the North? 
Which President's Cabinet, in years past, had assisted the South in this 

""•=■ 899 

1150. Describe our navy in i86i. Where was the Constitution, and 
how was she protected from the Confederates? q„^ 

1151. Describe operations in Florida. ^^^ 



1152. Describe the work of the Hatteras expedition. 



901 



1153. When did the second expedition leave Hampton :-oads? Where 
was its destination? What was the position of Beaufort? How did the 
Confederates seek to hide the channel? Q01-q09 

1154. In command of whom was the Confederate naval force. Describe 
the battle in Hampton Roads. What was the result of this bat.le? Give 
the loss of each army. „ „ „ 

1155. How was the harbor of Charleston closed? By what meanr, was 
it soon reopened? ^^^,^_^^^ 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UNION. 131 



1156. What two men did ihe South appoint as commissioners to London 

and Paris? What route did thev choose? ,,,, , 

904 

1157. Who was Captain Charles Wilkes? Why and how did he deter- 
mine to intercept the Trent? ,,,, , 

VH)4 

1158. Give Captain Wilkes's account of tlie capture of Mason and Slidell. 
Why was it adjudged an unlawful act by the United States? q,, . f.-..-, 

1159. How and when did Mason and Slidell reach England? Did they 
render any service to the South while there? q.^ 

1160. When did Rear -Admiral Jouett perform a daring exploit? De- 
scribe it, and give the loss to Confederates and Unionists. (^..., 

1161. What was the outlook at the beginning of 1862? Why was it 
necessary to open the Mississippi River to the gulf? (.. , 

1162. What was General McClellan's plan of campaign as submitted to 
President Lincoln? q-jp. 

1163. What is a description of the decisive Union victory by General 
Thomas on January 18, 1862? qifS_()|A 

1164. Describe the Confederate stronghold in Kentucky. What was 
the strength of the Union forces, and in what place were they conceutrated? 

916 

1165. What place did General Grant now decide to attack? Give a 

description of the fleet and name the commanders. What preparations 

were made for the attack? i->^p 

I 91b 



1166. On what day and hour was the first shot fired on Fort Henry? 

918 

1167. What shocking accident occurred on board the Essex? q-,o 



132 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1168. What preparations for surrender were now made by Tilghman? 
How many soldiers surrendered, and how many escaped to Fort Donelson? 

918 

1169. What generals commanded Fort Donelson? How many men were 
in the fort? Describe the location of this fort and its batteries. q^^^ 

1170. What injury was inflicted on the Carondelet by a 128-pound solid 
shot? What gunboats joined the Carondelet by midnight? ^^^ q^^ 



1171. What effective work was General Grant doing at this time? 

920 

1172. Describe the council of surrender held at the fort. What decision 
was made? How did Floyd and Pillow escape? qo^ 



1173. What was General Grant's famous answer to General Buckner's 
proposition of an armistice until noon? How many prisoners surrendered? 

921 

1174. How were the cowardly acts of Generals Floyd and Pillow re- 
ceived by President Davis, and how did it result to both? fj^-. 



1175. What was the effect of these decisive victories? What was the 
new Confederate line of defense, and who was in command of it? f^o9 



1176. What was the brilliant scheme of General Johnston? 



922 



1177. Locate General Grant's army. When did Johnston arrive with 
his ami)'? ^22-923 



1178. What was the position of the Union troops? When was the 
attack made? In what way did the Lexington and Tyler do brilliant 
service? ^^3 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UNION. 133 



1179. What general was killed in this day's battle? Give the result 

when night closed in. 

923-924 



1180. What reinforcements did Grant receive at midnight? What was 

the total number of men in each armv? 

^ 924 



1181. Describe the second day's fight at Pittsburg Landing. What was 

the result? 

925 



1182. How many men were engaged in this battle? Give the number 

of killed, wounded, and missing on each side. By what other name is this 

battle known? 

925 

1183. How was Island No. lo protected on the Missouri side? How 

were the land approaches guarded? What was the protection from the 

Confederate boats in the channels? 

926 

1184. When and by whom was a combined attack made on Island No. lo 
with little or no result? 

1185. Describe the gallant exploit of Commander Walke. ^^^ 

92o 

1186. When did Captain Foote and General Pope receive the surrender 
of Island No. lo? How many men did this include? 

1187. To what point did Captain Davis's squadron now drop, and what 
did they find awaiting them near the city? When did they give battle? 

927 

1188. Describe the sinking of the Confederate vessel General Lovell 

and the subsequent disabling of the Oueen of the West. ^^„ 

~ 92/ 

1189. What curious accident happened to the Union vessel Monarch? 

928 



184 The War for the Union. [period vi. 



1190. What further damage was inflicted on the Confederate squadron? 
What important city surrendered the day following? ^ -,^ 



1191. Where did General Price and his army spend the winter? When, 
where, and by whom was he attacked and forced to retreat to the frontiers 
of Missouri, Arkansas, and Indian Territory? ^.^^^ 



1192. Whom did General Price soon join, and in what way was he 
reinforced? ^.^^^ 



1193. When were the Unionists attacked at Pea Ridge? Describe this 
battle and give the result. Q9S_Q9q 



1194, What were some of the complaints and barbarities with which 
each accused the opposing force? ^_^^ 



1195. Describe the battle of Valverde, and tell when, where, and by 
whom fought. qo-. 



1196. What general now took command of the Union forces under 
Grant? How was the army reinforced, and how many men did it now 
number? ^..,~, 



1197. When did Halleck compel^ Beauregard to evacuate Corinth? To 
what place did Beauregard retreat? j^.,,-, 



1198. Of how many men was General Bragg now in charge? In what 
way was Cincinnati thrown into a panic? q.,o 



1199. Describe the race between Generals Buell and Bragg to gain pos- 
session of Louisville. By what advantage was Buell enabled to reach the 
goal first? ggg 



A.D. 1861-1805] Thp: WaR FOR THE UnION. 135 



12.00. Describe Bragg's retreat through the Cumberland Mountains into 

Tennessee. At what point was Polk ordered to give battle to the advancino- 

Unionists? 

933 

1201. Describe the battle and give the result. What was the loss to 
both? Give the result of this campaign to Buell. 

1202. Describe the battle of Corinth and give the result. ^^ , r^o^ 

^ 934-935 

1203. Describe the progress of the war in Northwestern Arkansas. 

935 

1204. When, where, and why did a very superior force of Unionists sur- 
render to a small force of Confederates? Who were their leaders? r>or 

9o5 

1205. What was the daring scheme attempted by J. J. Andrews? How 
many men were selected for this work? What threat did Andrews give 
his men at parting, and where and when did they meet? 



1206. What did Andrews explain to his men? In what way did they 
gain possession of the train? * 



1207. Describe their trip. How did it end? What became of Andrews 

and his men? 

938-942 



1208. What is said of events in the East compared with events in the 
West during the vear 1862? „_^ 



1209. When and under what commander did a fleet sail for Albemarle 
Sound? How large was this fleet, and how many soldiers did it carry? 

944 

1210. Why is Roanoke Island a point of strategic importance? Where 
were the Confederate gunboats anchored, and who commanded them? 

944 



136 The War for the Union. [period vl 

1211. What is a description of the attack and subsequent defeat of the 
Confederates on February 7th? How many prisoners were taken? ^^p. 



1212. Where is New Berne located? When was it captured? 



945 



1213. From what place did the Confederacy get the frij^ate Merrimac? 

946 

1214. Describe the work of rebuilding the Merrimac. In what month 
completed ? q . o 

1215. What ships were lying in Newport News when the ]\Ierrimac 
made her appearance? What preparations were made by the Cumberland 
foi battle? g^Q 

1216. What vessel gave battle to the Merrimac with the Cumberland? 
Describe this battle, and tell on what day fought. In what way did the 
Merrimac at last gain a victory over the Cumberland? Qf^n_Q'=i9 

1217. Describe the sinking of the Cumberland and the destruction of the 
Congress. ' ^^.^ 

1218. What vessels hurried to the relief of these ships from Fort 
Monroe? Which vessel ran aground? Relate the treachery connected 
with it? gg3 



1219. What was the total loss to the Unionists in killed, drowned, and 
wounded on this eventful day? q-^ 



1220. How was this news received in the North and South? Describe 
the alarm felt in Washington. qj. . 

1221. What important place in our history does John Ericsson occupy? 
Describe the craft of his invention. By whom was she named? 

955-956 



A. D. 1861-1865] ThE WaR FOR THE UnION, 137 



1222. What difficulty was experienced in manning her? What man 
volunteered to command her? How many men did the Monitor carry? 

956 

1223. What was the Monitor's destination? Describe her perilous trip. 

956-958 

1224. On what eventful day did the Monitor arrive off Fort Monroe? 
Describe the scene encountered on the way. 

t/OO 

1225. What was the programme for the Merrimac for the day of the 
great battle? ^^^ 

1226. When did the Merrimac engage the Monitor in battle? Describe 
the encounter. What became of the Monitor? The Merrimac? 

959-962 

1227. What important Southern city did the national government deter- 
mine to capture early in the war? What were its defenses? q^^ QnA 

1228. At what place was New Orleans to be attacked? Of what was 
the naval expedition composed, and who commanded it? In what other 
part of earlier history do we read of Midshipman Farragut? ^^ . 

1229. What was the strength of the land force? Under whose command 
was it? gg^ 

1230. When did Farragut arrive off Ship Island? Describe preparations 
for the attack. g^^g^g 

1231. When did the mortar-schooners open fire on the forts? How long 

did the bombardment last? What was the result of the first day's battle? 

Second day's battle? ^,_ 

966 

1232. What strategic measure was resorted to by the Confederates which 
only gave the Unionists advantage? At what other three times has this 
measure been tried in our country's history with like results? q^^ 

1233. Describe the severing of the booms so that the boats might pass. 

966 



138 The War for the Union. [period vi. 



1234. What were the preparations made to pass the forts? At what 
time was the fleet under way? „,,„ 



1235. Describe the naval engagement of the First Division, Under whose 
command was it? Relate the brilliant work accomplished by the \'ar'una. 

967-969 

123(). Under whose command was the Second Division? In what vessel 
was he? Describe the narrow escape of the Hartford from burning? 

970-972 

1237. Relate the particulars of the heroic defense made by the Brooklyn 

of the Hartford and her furious fijjhting- up-stream. ^_^ ^„^ 

o 1 9/U— 972 

1238. Under whose command was the Third Division? Describe her 
engagements with the Confederate gunboats. ^.„^^ 

1239. What were prominent events of the surrender of the forts three 
miles from New Orleans? What was the loss of the Union fleet? q„.^ 

1240. On what day was New Orleans occupied by the Unionists? What 

resistance, if any, was made? „„„ 

9/3 



1241. What general was placed in charge of New Orleans? Describe 
his administration. When and by whom was he superseded? (.-. 



1242. At what point in the Mississippi were the Confederates now 

fortified into a veritable Gibraltar? „^, 

974 



1243. What two cities complied with the summons to surrender? 

974 

1244. What are the particulars of the encounter of the Carondelet, Tyler, 
and Queen of the West with the Arkansas? What became of the Arkansas? 

975 

1245. Why was Vicksburg abandoned? q-p- 



A.D. 18G1-1865] ThE War FOR THE UnION. 139 

1246. What seemed to be McClellan's fatal defect as a military leader? 
What was his j^lau of campaign, and what objections were made to it? 

976 

1247. What plans did President Lincoln have, and how did he divide 

McClellan's army? „, „_., 

y / < — y < o 

1248. By what means was Washington protected? WHio was Secretary 
of War at this time? „_„ 

y io 

1249. By what means were the forces of McClellan weakened? ^.^n 

ybu 



1250, Describe the siege of Yorktown and its subsequent occupancy by 
the Unionists. ' ^^^_^^^ 



1251. What next important position confronted the Federals? Describe 
the battle of Williamsburg. When was this battle fought? With what 
result? What command given by Hancock at this battle afterward became 
a famous war-cry? ^^^_^^^ 



1252. WHiat resolutions were adopted by Congress relative to the battle 
of Williamsburg? 986-988 



1253. Describe the picturesque march on the way to Wliite House. 
What did Prince de Joinville say of McClellan's respect and protection 
of Southern property? QQO_qqi 

1254. On what day did the Unionists arrive in sight of Richmond? 

991 

1255. In accordance with wdiat polic}' of the Confederates was Yorktown 
abandoned without a struggle? 



•&&' 



991 



125C). On what day was Norfolk entered by Union troops? What dis- 
position was made of the Merrimac, and why? qq.^ 



140 The War for the Uxiox. [period vi. 



1257. How was the loss of the Merrimac looked upon by the Southern 
people? What was the decision of the court of inquiry regarding; her 
destruction? What was Commander Tatnall's defense? ^^.^.^ 



1258. Describe the alarm of McClellan and his dispatch for reinforce- 
ments. What was the answer received from the Secretary of Waf? 

994-995 

1259. What great plan in the defense of Richmond was Stonewall Jackson 
now executing? ^^^ 



1260. What forces were located in Shenandoah Valley? Why was 
McDowell not sent to McClellan 's relief? qq"-QQQ 



1261. In what way were McClellan's communications threatened? How 
and when did (General Porter's division dislodge the enemy? Why were 
his services so valuable? inno inoi 



1262. What was the Confederate plan of attack? Who was their leader? 
When was this plan to be carried into execution? 1004. 



1263. Describe the Confederate attack. Relate the wounding of John- 
ston. What prominent spectator was present at the battle? What was 
the result of this day's struggle? -.. . P 

1264. What was the result of the battle of Fair Oaks? What was the 

loss on each side? How did it happen that the same cause which acted to 

prevent the defeat of the Union army here also prevented the o\-ert]irow 

of the Confederates? ^r^r^n mri- 

100()— 100/ 



• 1265. What reasons did McClellan assign for his inactivity and failure 

to press on toward Richmond? ^^.^^ ,,,,,r. 

100/-I(»09 

1266. Of how many men was J. E. p. Stuart's cavalry composed? When 
did he leave Richmond, and what raid had he in view? 1008 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE WaR FOR THE UnION. 141 

1267. What damage was done by Stuart at Garlick's Landing? Describe 
his capture on the return trip to Richmond. 1008-1009 

1268. What was the uneasiness felt at this time because of the where- 
abouts of Stonewall Jackson? 1009 

1269. What is said of McClellan's incessant demands for troops and 
McDowell's anxiety to join him? How were each disappointed? ^rj,jQ 

1270. To what point did McClellan transfer his forces? What did 
General Lee now resolve to do? When was the attack made, and what 
was the result? To what place did General Lee now retire? iniQ 

1271. Who succeeded General McClellan as general-in-chief of the army, 
and when was his appointment made? 1019 

1272. What may be said of the early commanders of the Northern army 

as compared with those of the South ? ^^ ^^ inia 

^ Head Note 1019 

1273. Describe the battle of Cedar Mountain, and tell when it occurred. 
Give the result. 1020 



1274. Relate the second daring raid of General Stuart. ^q^i 



1275. What movement did vStonewall Jackson now make against Pope's 
army? What vital requirement did the troops of General Pope's army 
lack? 1021-1022 

1276. Describe the work accomplished by Stonewall Jackson on the 
night of the 26th. What was the condition of Pope's army at this time? 

1022 

1277. What alarming news was received in Washington from their tele- 
graph operator? '[{)-^2 



142 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1278. What Union generals now advanced with the object of interposing 
between Jackson and his line of retreat? What Confederate general was 
hurrying to his relief in the mean time? What was the greatest ally which 
Jackson possessed at this time? 109^ 

1279. What action did Jackson now take, and where did he station his 
army? ^^24 

1280. What battlefield did the opposing forces now occupy? What re- 
inforcements arrived at noon, and what others were expected? Which 
general failed to arrive, and what was the result? 1094. 

1281. On what day was the attack made? Give the result of the first 
day's battle? Describe the second day's battle, and give result, ^n^r 

1282. To what place did all of the Union army now retire? What is 
said of the campaign? 109'' 

1283. What were the Confederate and Union losses at the second battle 

of Bull Run? What changes now took place in the Army of the Potomac 

and the Armv of Virginia? ^r>nr- 

'^ 102o 

1284. • In what way did the discoverv of the Confederate General Order 
No. 191 become of great value to the Union, and really lead to the begin- 
ning of the end of the great war? „ ,. m-^n 

'^ *= Head Note 1026 

1285. What grave fear did President Lincoln and all others in authority 

at Washington have? i,>o- 

*= 102 / 



1286. Describe the work of reorganizing the army by McClellan. 

1027 

1287. What were the general expectations of the North after the dis- 
astrous defeat of Pope? How was the safety of Washington insured? 

1027 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE WAR FOR THE UniON. 143 

1288. Describe .the condition of the Confederate army at this time. 
What state was a great temptation for them? ^„27 



1289. Name some of the principal reasons for General Lee's desire to 
invade the North. 1097 



1290. In what way did he hope to seize Washington or Baltimore? 
How did he hope to defeat McClellan's army? 109^ 



1291. Describe the work of destruction which Hill's command accom- 
plished on its march into Maryland. 109S 



1292. Describe the march of Stonewall Jackson into Maryland. What 
popular poem of Whittier's commemorates this march? 109S 



1293. On what day was Lee's whole army drawn up on the left bank 
of the Potomac? Why had the Confederates good reasons for anticipating 
a welcome into Maryland? Describe the cool reception given them. 

1026-1028 

1294. At what place were the Union troops stationed on che Virginia 
side of the Potomac? What orders were sent to the troops f^om General 
Halleck? ^Q3Q 



1295. Whom did Lee send to capture Harper's Ferry? What was their 
plan of attack? ^0'^^ 



1296. What is a description of McClellan's pursuit of Lee's army? 
Why was great precaution necessary on the part of McClellan ? Describe 
his advance. 1031-1032 



1297. Describe the location of Harper's Ferry and its defenses. Who 
commanded the Union forces at this place, and why was a charge of 
treachery made against him? 1032 



144 The War for the Union. [period vi. 



1298. Describe the gathering of the Confederate forces on the hilltops 
for its capture. What became of the Union forces stationed at Maryland 
Heisfhts under Colonel Ford? 



^&' 



1033 



1299. Describe the attack on Harper's Ferry. Wlien did its surrender 
occur? What officer was mortally wounded? Give the number of men 
and war paraphernalia surrendered. 10^^ 

1300. Describe the important find of a Union officer at Frederick. 

1034-1035 

1301. What orders did General Pleasanton now receive? At what place 
did they find the enemy in force and prepared to stand? uv^" 

1302. Describe the battle at South ^lountain. What was the result? 
What classmate of McClellan's was killed in this battle? Give the loss 
in the Union army. 1038-1039 

1303. What other battle was in progress at the same time as South 
Mountain? Describe it, and give the result. Name the third battle fought 
at the same time. 1039 



1304. What was the report submitted by the court of inquiry as a result 
of the investigation of the surrender of Harper's Ferry? losq 

1305. Describe the perilous position of General McLaws during the 
surrender of Harper's Ferry. In what way was he enabled to join Lee 
at Sharpsburg? -^^q^q 

1306. At what place did General Lee halt his army and prepare for 
battle? In what condition was the Confederate army? How many did 
it number? 1040-1041 

1307. Describe the position of General Lee's army as arranged for battle.. 
What building marked the center of the Confederate line? 1049 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE Wai;. FOR THE UNION. 145 

1308. Describe McClellan's plan of attack. On what day was he pre- 
pared to give battle? By what name is this battle known in the South? 

1042-1048 

1309. Give the total number of McClellan's army. Compare them with 
Lee's army. ^^^^ 

1310. Describe the advance of Hooker on the afternoon of the i6th. 
What other forces joined him in the evening? What was McClellan's 

P'""- 1044 

1311. Describe Hooker's attack on the morning of the 17th. What 
effect did it have? At what point in the advance was the Union army 
forced to seek cover? How was this received by the Confederates? De- 
scribe Hooker's reinforcement, and his second advance and retreat. How 
was Jackson's command at last forced to fly from the woods? 

1046-1047 

1312. Relate the loss of life resulting from this attack. Name the 
officers killed on both sides. Describe the scene of this awful conflict. 

1046-1047 

1313. Describe the fighting of Sumner's corps. What great peril was 

Lee's army now placed in? mifr 

1047 



1314. In the race from Harper's Ferry by McLaws and Franklin, which 
reached Antietam first? What timely aid did McLaws give Lee? What 
corps beat McLaws soon after? ir>-L7 



1315. Describe Burnside's disobedience of orders. ^/mo 

1048 



1316. Describe the reckless bravery of Sedgwick. In what way did it 
work ill for him? 1048-1049 



1317. What was Sumner doing in the mean time to assist Sedgwick? 

1049 



146 The War for the Union. [period vi. 



1318. Describe Biirnside's failure to attack at this time. What do the 
friends of Burnside say in his defense? 1049-1 ()•'() 

1319. Describe the gallantry of the Irish brigade. How might a mag- 
nificent Union victory have been secured at this time? i()~() 

1320. How were the Unionists reinforced early in the afternoon of the 
17th? Describe the mutual exhaustion of both armies. -j^^. 

1321. What imperative order issued to Burnside at last caused action? 
What was gained by his advance? 101^2 



1322. Describe the gloomy outlook for Lee at this time. By whom was 
Burnside attacked in the afternoon? What was the result? I0'i3 



1323. Give the Union and Confederate losses in killed, wounded, and 
prisoners. 10^^^ 



1324. In what way was the iSth day of September spent by Unionists 
and Confederates? 10^^ 



1325. What peculiar feature can you relate concerning the victory of 
this battle? Give both the Union and Confederate views of the results 
of this battle. IO^a 



132G, Describe the retreat of the Confederates on the night of the i8th. 

1054 

1327. What were the plans for McClellan's second campaign against 
Richmond? 1054-1055 



1328. On what morning did the battle of Fredericksburg begin? De- 
scribe it, and give the result. 1 055-1 Op^T 



A.D. 1861-1865] THE WAR FOR THE TJnION. 147 



1329. What battles were won by the Unionists in the West dnring the 
year 1862? In the East? iatq 



1330. What warning did the President of the United States give the 
seceding states in 1862? How was it received? inrn 



1331. How many persons had vohmteered to defend the Union by the 
beginning of 1863? How many naval vessels had we, and what was the 
daily expense? lO^^Q 



1332. What declaration did Abraham Lincoln make in his younger days 
relative to slavery. inro 



1333. What prayer and pledge did President Lincoln make prior to the 

battle of Antietam ? What notable thing did this great man do immediately 

following this memorable battle? ^/^r^r^ 

lUoy 



1334. On what date was the Emancipation Proclamation issued? 

1059 

1335. What were the "greenbacks," and why so called? in-q 

1336. When was the National Banking system established? -ia/^a 



1337. What was the highest premium point reached by gold during 
the war? ^ ^^^.^ 



1338. W^hat was the real cause of the gold in a gold dollar being worth 

so much more than a dollar? „ r^ ^ 

Generai. Question. 



1339. Describe the military situation at the opening of the year 1863. 
What was the chief aim of the Union armies? lOrO 



148 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1340. By what great battle was the year 1863 ushered in? What name 
is given it by the Confederates? Who were the commanders of the oppos- 
ing forces, and where were the armies located? inco 

1341. When did the battle of Murfreesboro take place? Describe it. 
What was the result? Give the loss. lOfi/t 

1342. Describe the capture of Arkansas Post. ^^^. 

^ 1064 

1343. What important post was it necessary to capture in order to open 
up the Mississippi? What were General Grant's plans of attack? ^^f^A 



1344. What valuable work was done by the Queen of the West and 

Indianola? ^„„. 

1064 



1345. Describe attempt to run the batteries at Port Hudson and reach 
Vicksburg. j^gg 

1346. Describe the successful attempt of Admiral Porter to pass Vicks- 
burg and join Farragut. ^^^^ 



1347. Why did not General Johnston send reinforcements to General 
Pemberton at Vicksburg? What was Johnston's instruction to Pemberton? 

1067 

1348. Describe Grant's siege of Vicksburg. What was the condition 
of the besieged people? 1068-1070 

1349. What was General Grant's answer to Pemberton when he asked 
for an armistice to arrange for terms of surrender? 1070 



1350. Describe the meeting of Generals Pemberton and Grant for the 
purpose of arranging terms of surrender. What generous terms were 
offered by Grant? ^„„. 



A. D. 1861-1865] ThE WaR FOR THE UnION. 149 



1351. On what memorable day did the formal surrender of Vicksburg 
take place? What was gained to the Unionists by this capture? .^-^ 



1352, When was Port Hudson attacked, and when did it surrender? 

1071 

1353. Describe the military operations which contributed to Grant's 
success before Vicksburg. 



1354. What orders did Rosecrans receive from Commander-in-Chief 
Halleck? What general was ordered to reinforce Rosecrans? -in^A 

1355. Where was Bragg located? Describe Rosecrans plan of attack. 

1074-1075 

1356. On what day was the battle of Chickamauga fought? What dis- 
tinguished it from other hard-fought battles of the war? What were the 
losses? How did Thomas get the name of the "Rock of Chickamauga"? 

1077-1078 

1357. W'^ho was appointed to succeed Rosecrans? What dissatisfaction 
was felt on the Confederate side? 1078 

1358. At what place did Thomas intrench himself? When did Bragg 
arrive, and why did he not make an attack? IOTq 



1359. What promotion did General Grant receive at this time? What 
did Grant telegraph Thomas on the same day he succeeded Rosecrans, and 
what was his reply? -.^^-n. 



1360. By whom was the siege of Knoxville conducted? Describe pre- 
parations of attack on Bragg. How many did each army number? 

1079 

1361. What dispatch did Bragg send to Grant when all was in readiness 
for battle ? What did Grant do with the dispatch ? ^ ^^^ 



150 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1362. On what day was the first charge made? Describe it, and tell 
by whom conducted. Why is it known as the battle above the clouds? 

1081 

13G3. Describe the brilliant Union victory won on the 26th. By whom 
was Bragg superseded? ^0A^ 



1364. How was the siege of Knoxville raised? 



1082 



1365. Describe the raising of the blockade in Galveston port. 

1083-1084 

1366. How were the sympathies of England for the South shown in 
1863? What is said of the Oreto, or Florida? 10J^4 



1367. Where was the Alabama built? What is said of her? iack 



1368. What means were necessary to gain enough volunteers in the 
North? Describe the draft riots. -lORi^ 



1369. What is said of the armed war-steamer Nashville and her end? 

1086 

1370. Why was Charleston so well guarded? For what reasons did the 

Confederates declare the blockade to be raised? -mon 

lOoD 



1371. Describe and tell when the attack on Charleston occurred. What 
remarkable incident saved the "New Ironsides" from explosion? -i^xoo 

1372. What was the result of this attack? Describe its effect on Lincoln. 
By whom was Admiral Du Pont superseded? lORS 



1373. Describe the plans for the second attack on Charleston. 



1089 



A. D. 1861-1865] THE WaR FOR THE UnION. 151 



1374. Describe the second and third attacks on Fort Wagner. What 
other forts were bombarded at the same time? Give results, i^ar^ 



1375. Describe the attack on Charleston. Why was it suspended for 
twenty-four hours? When was the attack made? Give the result. 

1091 

1376. By whom was Burnside superseded in the Army of the Potomac? 
By what means was Lee compelled to divide his forces, thus having a less 
number than the Unionists? 

1377. What manner of man was "Stonewall" Jackson? What tribute 
does Greeley, in his "American Conflict," pay to his worth? 

Hkad Note 1092 

1378. Describe Hooker's plan of attack on Lee's army. Describe his 
advance. Where did his army encamp? Describe the preparations for 

''*"''=• 1096 

1379. What was going on while Lee was making his feints to deceive 
Hooker? Describe the battle of Chancellorsville, and give the result up 
to the evening of May 2d. 1097-1099 

1380. What notable loss in the life of one man did the Confederates 
suffer at Chancellorsville? inqq 

1381. What did General Lee say when he learned that Jackson was 
mortally wounded? inqq 

1382. What commemorates the spot where Jackson fell? ..^qq 

1383. What notable exhibit was made at the New Orleans Expositioru 
in the winter of 1884-1885 demonstrating the love held for Jackson? 

NOTE 1099 

1384. What is a brief history of this exhibit? -.nnn 

■^ Note 1099 



152 The War for the Union. [period vl 



1385. What was the general result of the battle of Chancellorsville? 
What were the Union losses in these engagements? 1100-110^ 



1386. Describe the soldiers with which General Lee invaded Pennsyl- 
vania. Of how many men did Lee's army consist? Who commanded the 
First, Second, and Third Corjjs of Lee's army during their second invasion 
of the North? 1104-1105 



1387. Describe Lee's plan of advance. In what way was Hooker kept 
in ignorance of this move ? 1 1 0f 



1388. What was Hooker's plan when he became aware of Lee's advance? 
In what way was it disrupted? IIOC-IIO" 

1389. Describe the cavalry fight at Brandy Station. Describe the scene 
and give the result. ^ ^ ^n^ 1-19 



1390. What important information did General Pleasanton obtain at 
Culpeper that led the Union generals to bestir themselves, and perbaps 
saved the cause of the Union? HIS 



1391. What was the meaning of Lee's half-serious proposition to his 
officers of ''swapping queens"? What would have been the result had 
this plan been executed? 1114 



1392. Describe the disaster of Milroy at Winchester. 1 1 1 ^ 

■^ lllo- 



1120 



1393. Relate the panic which occurred in Harrisburg on hearing of 
Lee's advance. 1120 



1394. Describe the uncertain position in which Hooker's army was 
placed at this time. 1192 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UnION. 153 

1395. Describe the scene which the scouts beheld in Shenandoah Valley 
which gave the army the much-wished-for view behind the scenes. What 
did they learn ? . . „ , 

1396. Describe Lee's advance. What important order did he give? 

1124 

1397. What advance did Hooker's army now make? How far from 
Lee's army were they by the 27tli of June? 1197 

1398. Describe the plans which Stuart had himself laid. On what 
night did he set out? 1197 



1399. What w^as the first surprise with which General Stuart met? 

1128 

1400. For what reason did Hooker ask to be relieved of command? 
What general took his place? 11 SI 

1401. What were the circumstances of General Meade being appointed 
as commander of the army? Where was he when he received the notice? 

1132 

1402. What liberty was given Meade that was refused Hooker? -1100 



1403. What was Meade's plan of advance? What protection did he 
give Baltimore and Philadelphia? 11SS 



BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 

1404, What battle of the War for the Union may properly be termed 
the Waterloo of the Confederacy? When and where was it fought, and 
who was the commander in charge on each side? 1140 

1405. Prior to the battle of Gettysburg, how had the majority of battles 
resulted? ^-j^^q 



154 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1406. To whom belongs the credit of selecting Gettysburg as the place 
for the decisive battle? When did he arrive on the ground? What ad- 
vantages did this locality afford for such a conflict? 1140 



1407. What was General Buford's native state? What sacrifices did he 
make that he might support the Union? When and where did he die? 

1142 

1408. What was the first conflict of the memorable battle of Gettysburg? 
What brilliant Northern general was shot in the neck and killed soon after 
coming to the support of the brave Buford? 114'5 



1409. What "man of the hour" was sent forward by General Meade 
from his headquarters in Tarrytown to take the place of the fallen Reynolds? 
What chivalrous reply did General Hancock make when he was thus ap- 
pointed by General Meade to command the volunteers? How many miles 
awav from the field of battle was he at the time of his appointment? 

1145 

1410. In what condition did he find the troops on his arrival? i-iac 



1411. What was General O. O. Howard's answer when Hancock offered 
to show him his written orders to succeed Howard in command of all forces 
present? ^^^q 



1412. What was the result of Hancock's arrival? 1147 



1413. To whom did Hancock turn over the command after so perfectly 
grasping rout and defeat from the hands of the Confederate forces that 
evening? ^^^^ 



1414. What position did General Lee regard as the key to the situation, 
and therefore decide to most fiercely attack? Il4q 



1415. At what time did (icneral Meade and his staff arrive on the field? 

1150 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE WaR FOR THE UnION. 155 

1416. What forces faced each other at sunrise on the morning of that 
terrible day of death, Jnly 2, 1863? 1150-1152 



1417. At the close of the first day's battle of Gettysburg, with which 

side did the advantage rest? . . ^„ 

^ Head Note 1153 



1418. What action was taken by the Federal general that night to coun- 
teract that advantage? What was the arrangement of forces on each side 
on the morning of the second day at Gettysburg? -j-ika htf: 



1419. What was the length of the Confederate line before battle began 
the afternoon of the second day? What prominent Confederate generals 
commanded the left, right, and center? iti^i^ 



1420. What was the position of the Union forces? What points marked 
the right, left, and center of the Federal line of battle, and formed what 
position? ^^,.g 

1421. Why did not the Confederate forces attack the Federals in the fore- 
noon of the second day as they had intended in the morning? ^ ^ p.^ 



1422. What prominent Northern general commanded that portion of the 

Union left where the attack seemed most certain to be made? -, -, ko 

1158 



1423. What Southern general opened the second day's fight, and led his 
men with a dash toward Little Round Top? 11 fin 



1424. In what way did General W'arren avert a Union disaster between 

four and five o'clock in the afternoon? -, -, /.^ 

llbz 



1425. At the suggestion of General Warren, what old friend of his 
rushed a force to the defense of Little Round Top, thereby saving it to 
the Union, but losing his own life? lirO-lirfi 



156 TiiK War for the Uxiox. [period vi 



1426. Ill whose favor was the tide turned at the time of the arrival 
of Caldwell's division? What was the effect of his participation? 

11G6 

1427. What noted brigade formed a part of Caldwell's division? What 
act of devotion did they perform jnst before advancing to the snpport of 
Ward across Plum Run? Who was then leader, and what flag floated over 
them? ^^^Q 

1428. On learning of the wounding of General Sickles, whom did IMeade 
order to take command of the Third Corps? lire 

1429. What was General Birney's loss out of five thousand men when 
the Union forces were driven from the orchard? lire 

1430. At what hour in the night did the second day's fighting cease? 

What number of men lay dead as a result of the terrible struofgrle? ^ ^ ^.o 

■^ ^^ Hi. J 

1431. Name the corps commanders who were summoned by General 
Meade at the midnight hour to take council for the morrow. What was 
their decision? IT-J. 

1432. What were Lee's instructions for the third day's battle? What 
Confederate general impeded his designs? 117/1 

1438. What celebrated Southern general led a forced march from Cham- 
bersburg on the night of the 2d, and the next day led one of the most 
brilliant charges recorded in the annals of history? ii7p; 

1434. Give a description of the sharp, fierce conflict between the Con- 
federate left imder Johnston and the Union right in the morning of the 
third day's fight previous to Pickett's gallant charge? 1 1 --r 

1435. What impressive but awful scene could have been observed by 
one elevated over that field of carnage at eleven o'clock of that terrible 
3d day of July, 1S63? ^^^^ 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UnION. 15' 



1436. Give the description of the greatest artillery battle this continent 
has ever known? When did it begin? 1 1 rro n ^n 



1437. Under what mistaken conclusion did Pickett begin his celebrated 
charge? ^,^j^ 

1438. What is the description of Pickett with this three miles of men 
moving forward with the precision of holiday parade? -|.^.. 

1439. Who commanded the position on the Union side at which Pickett 
was aiming ? 1 m-? 

1440. Describe Pickett's reception by the Union forces. Why did not 
Gushing fire his cannon into Armistead's forces as they attempted to 
capture his battery? iiqp; 



1441. What location was the farthest point reached by the Confederates? 

1185 

1442. Who is the author of the celebrated poem " High Tide at Gettys- 
^^^g"- 1185 



1443. How many men followed Pickett in that awful charge? How 
many remained when all was over? iis^ 



1444. Out of eighteen field and four general officers, how many escaped 
wounding? -..or. 



1445. W^hat exchange of dispatches took place between General Hancock 
and General INleade? What act of heroism did General Hancock perform 
after being wounded? no- 

*^ llh< 



1446. In what way did Uee receive the bleeding survivors of Pickett's 
charge as they staggered back to line? 11S8 



158 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1447. Who conceived the idea of Lee's invasion of the North, and nrg^ed 

it in spite of Lee's protests? ^ , , . 

Note 11 bh 

1448. With what number of men did tlie Union forces go into that three- 
days' fight? How many were left after it? iioi 

1449. What route did the Confederates follow on their retreat? What 

peril confronted them when they reached the Potomac? ^^^^ 

1198 

1450. What act of chivalry did the Confederate General John B. Gordon 
bestow upon the wounded Union General Francis P. Barlow on the after- 
noon of the first day of Gettysburg? What did after -yetirs develop mito 

these two men ? -, . r. • 

Note 1194 

1451. By whom and in commemoration of what was the monument 

erected to the Fire Zouaves? -,■,r^n 

119o 

1452. How long after his defeat at Gettysburg was it until Lee reached 

again the soil of the Old Dominion? iino 

119o 



1453. What was the total Union loss at Gettysburg, compiled from the 
government official returns? i9nn 



1454. What was the total Confederate loss, according to the best infor- 
mation obtainable? What was the Confederate strength all told, including 
Pickett's reinforcements? lonn 

1455. What real leaders were brought into prominence during the cam- 
paigns following the battle of Gettysburg? ^^^n.-. 



1456. For what only was the South fighting after the battle of Gettys- 

1201-1202 



1457. Compare the financial conditions of the North and the South at 
the close of the war. lono 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE WaR FOR THE UnION. 159 



1458, what two armies did the South have early in 1864? What was 
the strength of each? What was the strength of the armies of the North 
at the same time? lon^ 



1459. What idea prompted Sherman to destroy as much property as 
possible? Describe the destruction of railroads, etc. lono 



1460. Describe General Banks's expedition, its real object, and the 
opposition to it. ioa/I 



1461. What new danger was encountered by Admiral Porter? -,c>^n 

IzUb 



1462. Describe the plans of the two woodsmen, Bailey and Pearsall, to 
take the flotilla over the rapids of Red River. How were the plans re- 
garded by West -Point engineers? loor 



1463. Describe the break and repair of the dam, and the manner of pass- 
ing the vessels over it. i9nQ 1910 



1464. What was the purpose of Kirby Smith's invasion of Missouri? 

' 1212 

1465. Describe the campaign of Suiith in Arkansas. 191Q 



1466. Enumerate the great raiders of the war. How did Morgan escape? 

1213 

1467. Describe and give the effect of the Colonel Grierson and General 
Stoneman raids. 19iq_1914. 



1468. How many men did President Lincoln order drafted the ist of 
February, 1864? 1914 



1469. Why is ]\Iay 5, 1864, a memorable day in war history? 

1214-1215 



160 The War for the Uxiox. [period vi. 

1470. What men have held the official title of Heiiteiiant-general ? \\'hen 
was this title conferred upon General Grant? 

1471. What was the available militar}- strength of the Union army 
May I, 1S64? ' ^215 

1472. What was Grant's plan to crush the rebellion? ioik 

1473. Describe and give the date when the battle of Wilderness Rim 
'^''"'"^- ■ 121G-1217 

1474. What noted Southern general was severely wounded at Wilderness 

Run, which perhaps saved the dav to the Union forces? -, -^-.z, 

121d 

1475. Who gave utterance to the words, "I propose to fight it out on 

this line if it takes all summer"? Where and when? ioiq 

1 2 lo 

1476. What Union and Confederate officers were killed in the operations 
around Spottsylvania Courthouse? 1010 

1210— i2iy 

1477. Who succeeded the daring J. E. B. Stuart after his death? What 

is the historical coincident of his name? ..r.^^ 

XOTE 1219 

1478. What tactics were used by Grant when he could not force Lee 
out of his path? 1910 

1479. Describe the operations before Petersburg. 1 999.1 994 

1480. Describe Early's operations in the Shenandoah Valley. 

1228-1229 

1481. How was the news of Early's advance received in Washington? 
What preparations for defending the city were made? 1990 



1482. Describe the capture of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. 1990 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE WaR FOR THE UnION. 161 

1483. What were Grant's orders to vSheridan when he raided the Shenan- 
doah Valley? Describe this raid. What was its purpose? -« 90Q 1909 

1484. Describe Sheridan's ride to Winchester and its effect on the 
'^"y- 1232-1233 

1485. Who was the author of the stirring poem "Sheridan's Ride"? 

1233 

1486. What was Grant's opinion in regard to a prolongation of the war? 

What steps were taken by the government to hasten the close? 

1233 

1487. Which was the first iron -clad vessel in the world? Which the 

second? By 1864, what changes had taken place in the navies of the 

world ? • . -, ^ ^ . 

Head Note 1234 

1488. Name the two leading forts of the Confederacy. Which was 

first captured ? 

1234 

1489. Describe the Confederate ram Tennessee. What were her plans? 

1235 

1490. Describe the armament for the protection of Mobile. What was 
Farragut's plan of passing the city? i-?':?.- 



1491. What might be said of the strength of the Union fleet? ^ -..^,, 

° 12ob 



1492. What did Admiral Farragut write to his wife on the eve of the 
battle of JMobile? What position did he take to command the ships in 
action? ^^^g 



1493. What precautionary measure was taken by the captain of the 

Hartford in favor of Admiral Farragut? What is said of the controversy 

concerning it? ^ ..-,0 

^ 1238 



162 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1494. Describe and give the result of the attack of the Tecumseh on the 
Tennessee. Relate the incident of Commander Craven and Pilot Collins 
in this battle. 1240 

1495. What seamanship and braver}- was manifested by Farragut in 
this battle? What did the commander of F^ort IMorgan say in regard to 
the skill of Farragut? ^n^-. 

1496. Describe the attack of the ram Tennessee on the Union fleet. 
Which Union vessel succeeded in partly disabling her? i949_i944 

1497. Describe the event preceding her surrender by Captain Johnston. 

1246 

1498. Describe the surrender of Forts Powell and Morgan. What was 
the effect of this victory on the Confederates? 194« 



1499. Describe the sinking of the Soiithfield. 1948-1249 



1500. In what peculiar manner did Lieutenant P'^lusser meet his death 
on April 20, 1864, near Plymouth? 1249 



1501. What precautions were taken by the Confederates to protect the 
Albemarle? -.9^0 



1502. What was Lieutenant Cushing's scheme, and what success at- 
tended it? i.T-n 10-0 

1503. Describe the return of Cushing after this daring exploit. 

1252-1253 

1504. Describe the capture of Fort Fisher. 19i^4 



1505. Describe the career of the Confederate cruiser Sumter. Who was 

her captain? ^o-- io-/- 

^ 12oo-12ijb 



A. D. 1861-1865] ThE WaR FOR THE UniON. 163 



1506. At what place was the Florida built? What were some of the 

prizes taken bv her, and what became of her? -.^.^^ ^ ^^-, 

^ 1256-120 7 

1507. Repeat the story of the Shenandoah as told by Dr. F. J. McNulty. 

1257-1266 

1508. On what occasion was the Confederate flag raised for the last time 
over a sea-going vessel, nearly six months after the close of the war, for 
the Union? ^2g4 

1509. Why did the captain of the Shenandoah sail to England instead 
of to America on receiving a newspaper report that the war was ended? 

1264 

1510. What eventually became of the ship Shenandoah? iorj. 

1511. What great damage w^as accomplished by the cruiser Alabama? 

1266-1267 

1512. What is said of the battle between the Kearsarge and Alabama, 

and wdien did it occur? -icn^ ^^^a 

1267-1274 

1513. For what reason was W. T. Sherman ordered to lead his army 

to Atlanta, and from thence to the sea? „ ,, ^-,,-r- 

Head Note,12/5 

1514. WHiat was Johnston's policy? At what time did Sherman leave 
Chattanooga? ^ „^ 

1515. Describe Sherman's perilous course. 19^« 

1516. When did the battle of Kenesaw Mountain occur? Describe it. 

1278-1279 

1517. Describe the fine generalship of General Johnston. 19C0 

1518. What was Georgia's value to the Confederacy? By whom was 
Johnston superseded? How did Sherman receive this change? i.^on 

1519. Wlien and how was General INIcPherson killed? 19«9 



164 Thk War for the Union. [period vi. 



1520. What plan did Sliennan now form in order to accomplish the 
best results? With what success did it meet? 1284 



1521. When did Atlanta surrender? What order concerning its evacu- 
ation did Sherman give? . I9sn 



1522. Compare the Union loss with the Confederate in Sherman's march 
from Chattanooga to Atlanta. -, ^.,^ 



1523. What was the cost in men, both to the North and the South, in 
the campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta? lOftA 

1524. What is one of the best arguments against settling national dis- 
putes by war? „ ^^ -,.)^_ 

■^ ^ Head Note 12(S7 

1525. W^hat did President Davis do when he heard of the Confederate 
defeat at Atlanta? I9ft7 

1526. What action on the part of Jefferson Davis was caused by the 
capture of Atlanta? What imj^ortant speech did he make at ]\Iacon on 
his return trip? Give result. I9ft7 

1527. What was Hood's plan? What order did General Thomas receive 
in consequence? 19SS 

1528. At what place was General Schofield's army defeated by Hood? 
To what place did he then retreat? 19S» 



1529. Where was General Thomas at this time? What preparations 
was he making? 19S8 



1530. At what time did Hood appear off Nashville? What were his 
expectations? 19H8 



A. D, 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UnION. 165 

1531. On what days was the battle of Nashville fought? Describe the 
defeat of Hood's army. 19»« 



1532. What is said of this campaign? By whom was Hood relieved 
of command? ioqq 



1533. Describe the burning of Atlanta and the beginning of the march 
to the sea. How long before the defeat of Hood's army did this occur? 

1290 

SHERMAN'S MARCH TO THE SEA. 

1534. What flaming proclamation did the Confederate General Beauregard 
issue to the people of Georgia on learning of Sherman's determination to 
split the Confederacy wide open? 19Q9 



1535. What were some of the efforts made to stop Sherman's march? 

1292 

1536. In what way was the first message conveyed to the outer world 
telling of Sherman's successful march to the sea? How was it received? 

1292-1293 

1537. On what day was Savannah evacuated ? What message did Sherman 
send to Lincoln ? ^ .^qo 



1538. Describe the great peril in which the Union was placed during 
1864. How is it accounted for? 12Q^_19Q4 

1539. In what way did Louis Napoleon violate the Monroe Doctrine? 
Describe his attempts to persuade Great Britain to join him in the recog- 
nition of the Confederacy. 19Q4 

1540. If Great Britain had acceded to the wishes of Louis Napoleon, 
what would have been the result? To what three persons only was this 
plan known? 1994 



166 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1541. Why did not England recognize the Confederacy? What did 
England think the United States would do after the war? iook 

1542. What preparations were made by Lincoln, Grant, and Stanton 
to strike quick in the event of England recognizing the Southern Con- 
federacy? ^294 

1543. To whom, when, and where was this government secret first 

made public? ^, -lone 

^ Note 1295 • 

1544. Give the different political platforms, and describe the platforms 
each party advocated at the fall election of 1864. Who did each nominate 
for the presidency? 1295-1296 

1545. In what way did McClellan manifest his manhood but sacrifice his 
chances of the presidency? Who was elected? ioqa 

1546. What insolent proposition of a lot of European aristocrats was 
offered the North in 1864? In what way did Secretary Seward snub them? 

1297-1298 

1547. What prompted General Dix's famous order to invade Canada, 
and forcibly take any one who should cross the line and commit any depre- 
dations against the citizens of the United States? 19Q« 

1548. For what was the Confederate officer hanged by the Union forces 
in February, 1865? ^^99 

1549. What diabolical depredation did Jacob Thompson, who was five 
years prior thereto Secretary of the Interior in Buchanan's Cabinet, employ 
one Robert C. Kennedy to commit? 1999 

1550. What was the national debt at the close of the fiscal year 1865? 

1299 



1551. What just tax was imposed in 1864? 



1299 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UnION. 107 



1552. When was Nevada admitted to the Union? In what does its 

weahh lie? ^^^^ . . 

1299-1300 

1553. What fact led to the formation of the Sanitary Commission? 
What was its purpose? 

-LoUX 

1554. For what purpose was the Christian Commission organized? 

1302 

1555. Wliat Confederate prison was noted for the awful suffering, starva- 
tion, and cruelty endured within its walls? Who was its keeper, and how 
was he brought to justice? lono 



1556. When and for what purpose was Libby Prison erected? How 
did it receive its name? How many prisoners were confined there during 

"'<= '''''■ 1302 



1557. Describe the tunnel made by Colonel Rose and his assistants. 

How many escaped? How many were recaptured? ior\o i oaq 

lo03— loOo 



1558. What lady of Richmond, Virginia, befriended Colonel Streight and 
his comrades after their escape from Libby Prison through the tunnel, and 
was afterwards rewarded by President Grant by being appointed to a lucra- 
tive office? ^ggg 



1559. Who was the sentinel on duty the night of the escape through 
the tunnel from Libby Prison? What did he claim in regard to the 

^""^P^- NOTE 1308 



1560. What are the particulars of Lieutenant Graves and his body of 
Union soldiers that forcibly demonstrates the folly of war and that man- 
kind are all of the same blood? iqoq 1*^10 



1561. For what purpose and by whom was called the Hampton-Roads 
meeting? ^3^^ 



168 The War for the Union. [period vi. 



15»>2. What three prominent men were appointed by the Confederate 
authorities to represent them at the Hampton-Roads meeting? i-»ii 

1563. In what way did Air. Francis P. Blair, Sr., exceed his authority 
when he visited President Davis to arrange for the Hampton-Roads meet- 
ing? How did this mistake of Blair's, or the misinterpretation of Lincoln's 
letter, nearly destroy the prospect of the meeting? I'M 9 

1564. Who were present at the Hampton-Roads meeting on behalf of the 
Union? What are the particulars of the meeting? Where held? Why 
did it result in failure to bring about peace: How long before the close 
of the war was this meeting held? ioi.-> 

1565. At the Hampton - Roads meeting, when President Lincoln was 
questioned regarding the strength and purpose of the Emancipation Proc- 
lamation, what was his answer? T^T" 

1566. What was Secretary Seward's reply as to the proposed Thirteenth 
Amendment to the Constitution, prohibiting slavery in the United States, 
at the Hampton -Roads meeting? I'^l-- 

1567. What was President Lincoln's reply to Mr. Hunter at the Hampton- 
Roads meeting when Mr. Hunter compared the action of Charles I. to the 
proposed armistice? I'^ir 

1568. What action did President Davis take when his commissioners 
returned to Richmond and reported the result of the Hampton - Roads 
meeting? ^3^^ 

1569. What is a synopsis of Judge Campbell's summary of the condition 
of the Southern Confederacy and the Southern army at the time of the 
Hampton - Roads meeting? i '^i q 

1570. Failing in a peaceful ending of the war through the Hampton- 
Roads meeting, as had been hoped, what was the only remaining thing 
to do? ^3^c) 



A.D. 1S61-1865] The War for the Union. 169 

1571. What was Grant's real purpose in sending Sherman on his march 
to the sea? lom 

1572. What additional honors were bestowed on General Lee imme- 
diately following the Hampton - Roads meeting? ioiq 

1573. On what day was Charleston surrendered, and the stars and stripes 
again raised over Fort Sumter? imQ_1''90 

1574. At what time did Sherman turn his command over to Schofield 
and go north for an interview with Grant? T^oo 

1575. Why did Lee at last decide to strike a blow at Grant? Give his 
plan of attack. How did it end? iq99 

1576. What persons were present and participated in the important 
consultation of Grant and Sherman in front of Petersburg? What great 
decisions were made? 1099 

1577. On what day did Grant attack Lee? 1^99 

1578. What important dispatch was handed Jefferson Da^-is while at 
church that April Sunday? In what way was the dispatch heeded? 

1324 

FALL OF RICHMOND. 

1570. Describe the wild scenes caused by the evacuation of Richmond. 
To what point did President Davis and his Cabinet move? io9p_-|09- 

1580. On what day did the Union flas^ wave over the citv? 10.1- 

1581. On what date and at. what time in the day did the forty Union 
soldiers, riding slowly through the streets of burning Richmond, take 
possession of and raise the stars and stripes over the capitol of the Old 
Dominion — the first since April, 1861? 1'V->7 



170 The War for the Union. [period vi. 

1582. What were the circumstances of the death of General A. P. Hill? 
Describe Lee's retreat and the condition of his soldiers. loon i ooa 

1583. WHiat were General Grant's memorable words concerning the 
Confederate horses? iooo 

1584. What are the circumstances of the striking incident in the life of 
Major IMcLean, in whose house the terms of surrender were made? -. ..o.;, 

1585. When General Lee returned to his men after his surrender, how 
was he received? What were his words to his men? looi 

1586. On what day did Grant send a letter to Lee demanding his sur- 
render? What was Lee's reply? -,^.,. 

loot 

1587. What events hastened the siirrender of Lee's army? Where and 
when did Grant and Lee meet to arrange terms? What generous offer was 
made by Grant and accepted by Lee? iqqo iqqq 

1588. At what point did the Confederates stack their arms and surrender? 

How manv men surrendered? -.oor 

1335 

1589. What is a striking proof of the respect universally entertained 
for General Lee, both by the North and the South? iqqr^ 

1590. How was the news of Lee's surrender received in Washington? 

1335 

ASSASSINATION OF LINCOLN. 

1591. Describe the assassination of President Lincoln. Where and 
when did it occur? Who was the assassin? At what time did the Presi- 
dent die? 1836-1338 

1592. In what way did John Wilkes Booth's declaration on the stage 

immediately after assassinating President Lincoln differ from his true 

sentiments? iooo loon 

Note 1338-1339 



A.D. 1861-1865] ThE War FOR THE UniON. 171 



1593, Describe the attack on the life of Secretary Seward. 



1594. Describe the pursuit of Booth. Where was he found, and how 

did he meet his death? 

1340 



1595. What is the mystery surrounding the disposal of Booth's body? 
Hov/ many of the conspirators were tried and hanged? 

1596. Describe the universal grief manifested in the North over the 

loss of the beloved President. Where was he buried? -,oAn io^o 

io4^— lo4o 



1597. W^hen did General Johnston surrender to Sherman? WHiat terms 

were agreed upon ? ^ ^ . -- 

^^ ^ 1345 



1598. How maruy lives w^ere lost in both the North and the South during 
the war? ^3^^ 



1599 Where, when, and on what occasion did Lincoln give utterance 
to the immortal words "that government of the people, by the people, for 
the people, shall not perish from the earth"? . , , 

IGOO. What valuable document is imder the corner-stone of the Lincoln 
monument at Springfield, Illinois? By whom was it written? 1^44- 



1601. How many negroes were enlisted in the Northern army? How 
many of the enlisted colored men died from disease? 1 q4fi 



1602. How many presidents and vice-presidents did the Southern Con- 
federacy have? 1^46 



1603. How many members were in the Provisional Congress of the 
Southern Confederacy? 1^47 



172 The War for the Union. [period vi. 



1604. When, in accordance with the decision of the Supreme Court of 
the United States, was the rebellion closed in all cases where private rights 
are affected? 1S47 

1605. What, in the words of Judge Emery Speer to the Grand Jury 
of the United States District Court, would have been the result had the 
attempt to establish a Southern Confederacy succeeded? 1^47 

1606. What are Judge Speer's illustrations of the magnanimity of our 
system of government as compared with Old -World monarchies in like 
cases? What personal illustrations of our government's magnanimous 
treatment does he make? I'^J.^-iqj.k 

1607. In what way did Horace Greeley demonstrate his qualities as a fit 
citizen of a true republic at the risk of the assassination of his character 
and good name at the hands of the narrow-minded, vindictive individuals 
and newspapers of the North? 1S4Q-I^f^^ 

1608. Give a brief history of Andrew Johnson up to the time that he 
became President of the United States. VU^) 

1609. How were the early advocates of the abolition of slavery treated 
in the North? 1''54 

1610. Prior to the firing on Fort Sumter, on what side did many of the 
leading newspapers sympathize? 1354 

1011. In what way did the great American preacher, Henry W. Beecher, 
aid the cause of the Union? 1S54 

1612. What other two church dignitaries are entitled to much credit 
for services in the cause of the Union? I'^i'a 



PERIOD VIL 

THE NEW UNITED STATES. 
FROM 1865 TO 1898, 



33 YEARS. 



FROM THE BEGINNING OF 

THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANDREW JOHNSON AS 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 

TO THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BATTLESHIP MAINE AND 

OUTBREAK OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. 



The subject-title of this period is "The New United States," and wh}^? 
Because we begin this period with new ideas, new laws, new practices, new ways of 
doing things with corresponding new results. While it marks a period of dazzhng 
greatiiess on one hand, it has as its background— its equal share of awful wretch- 
edness on the other, so distressing that even the pen of the great historians are 
paralyzed in their attempts to record it. A new condition of people, a new 
United States, was made during that thirty-three years. 



Period VII. 

THE NEW UNITED STATES 

From A. D. 1865 To 1898 — 33 Years. 

1613. When did Jefferson Davis and his Cabinet become fugitives? 
What was his object in joining Kirby Smith? .<,_^ 

1614. W^hen, where, and under what circumstances was Jefferson Davis 
captured? By whom was he taken prisoner? l'^'^O-m'^1 

1615. When Abraham Lincoln was asked what should be done with the 
Confederate President if caught, what was his reply? Iof--] 

1616. What were the different phases of the problem which now arose 
as to the disposal of Jefferson Davis? ^\^^ 

1617. What would have been the result had our government executed 
Jefferson Davis, Lee, or any of the other leaders of the lost cause? -ioko 

1618. What was Horace Greeley's view of the case? How was the 
problem solved? iqp;^ 

1619. What popular book produced a widespread anti-slavery feeling? 
When and by whom was it written? When did the author die? -|of;o 

1620. How did Fort Sumter unify the sentiment in the North and South? 

( 175 ) 135"! 



176 The New United States. [period vii. 

1621. What important action was taken by Great Britain and France in 
1865 when their underhanded support of the Confederacy would no longer 
be good policy? ^^^^ 



1622. Describe the impressive scene in Washington, May 22-23, 1^65, 
at the grand review of the returning hosts. iqpjfi 



1623. W^hat grave fears did the disbandment of the army produce? Why 
were those fears groundless? Upon what profound sentiment does our safety 
as a nation rest? T^T 



1624. W'hat was the grandest victory of all? What training proved to 
be invaluable to the majority of the soldiers? iq"'' 



1625. Describe the good example set by General Robert E. Lee concern- 
ing the obedience to law. What does his son, G. W. C. Lee, say of it? 

1358 

1626. What action was taken by the United States relative to Mexico in 
maintenance of the Monroe Doctrine? What effect did it produce in regard 

^° ^^^^^^^ 1358-1359 



1627. What was Mexican President Juarez's reply to Princess Salm-Salm 
when she knelt before him, begging him to spare the life of ]\Iaximilian? 

1359 

1628. Why was Maximilian's execution necessary? When did it occur? 

What became of his wife? inrr. 

1359 



1629. In what year was the Atlantic cable laid? What odd coincidence 

is connected with the year in which it was laid? ^orr^ io/^n 

•^ 1359-1360 



1630. What was the "Fenian scare" of 1866? What was its extent, 
and how did it end? 1360-1361 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UniTED STATES. 177 

1631. What important addition to United States territory was made in 
1867? What is its area, and how much was paid for it? mri-1'^r'9 



1632, Of what does Alaska's great wealth consist? What Alaskan ques- 
tion has caused much controversy between Great Britain and the United 
States? ^3g2 



1633. What state w^as added to the Union in 1867? Describe it, and 

tell wherein lies its chief wealth? ^^n^ 

ioo2 



1634. What was the amount of the national debt at the close of the war? 
What illustration of its colossal magnitude can you give? iqao 

1635. W'hat was the reconstruction problem? Give the diversity of views 
on this subject. What were President Johnson's views? iqfii^ 



1636. W^iat fearful yet groundless accusation was made against seven 
leading Southern men in connection with the assassination of President 
Lincoln? ^3gg 



1637. From what class of people came Andrew Johnson? What was 
a common expression in the South in ante-bellum days stigmatizing the 

P°°^- NOTE 1366 



1638. Why was the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution a neces- 
sity in the face of the Emancipation Proclamation? ISfS 



1639. What was the President's plan of reconstruction? What was the 
plan of Congress? T^fiK 



1640. What was the test oath demanded by the Thirty-ninth Congress 
of the eighty-five members from the Southern States? 1368 



178 The New United States. [period vii. 

1641. What acts and laws made by some of the Southern States against 
the negro freedmen provoked much anger in the North? I'^pft 

1642. What was the Civil -Rights Bill? How did it become a law? 

13GD 

1643. What noted Pennsylvanian became the leader of the Republican 
forces in Congress on the subject of reconstruction? T^TQ 

1644. What motive prompted the Republican plan of reconstruction and 
disfranchisement as represented by Thaddeus Stevens? I'^rq 



1645. What were some of the qualifications necessary to be a voter in 
Massachusetts and Rhode Island in i866? ♦ l'^69 



1646. In what states were the amendments to state constitutions giving 
to the negro the right to vote defeated? I'lCQ 



1647. What was meant by the expression "swinging around the circle"? 

1369 

1648. What, in brief, was the Republican plan of reconstruction? 

1370 

1649. Describe the quarrel between the President and Secretary Stanton. 

1370 

1650. What is the meaning of the phrase "To impeach"? When and 
for what reason was Johnson impeached? 1^71 



1651. How long did President Johnson's trial last? What was the 
result? ^3.^ 



1652. How many times has the removal of Federal officers been attempted 
through impeachment proceedings? What offices? How often successful? 

Note 1371 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE New UniTED STATES. 179 



1653. What was the only political favor ever asked by General Sherman? 
"With what result? iq-.) 



1654. What feeling existed between the actual soldiers of the North and 
the South? After the war, what class of men endeavored to keep the fires 
of hatred burning? 10^.7 



1655. What declaration did General Grant make when President Johnson 
contemplated the arrest of General R. E. Lee? iq^o 



1656. When was the completed amnesty proclamation issued? What 
were its chief provisions? iq-o 

lo i Jj 

1657. When was the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution ratified? 
What are its provisions? iq79 

1658. Describe the state of the country at this time. How did the work 

of reconciliation proceed? ^o^-r. 

13/2 

1659. When was the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution adopted? 
W'hat were its provisions? iq^q 



1660. Who was elected President in 1868? 1o^-o 

\6i6 



1661. Of what gross discourtesy was President Johnson guilty at the 
inauguration of President Grant? ' i'^"-4. 



1662. What was the first event of importance during Grant's admin- 
istration? 10-- 



1663. What was the great scheme of Jay Gould and Jim Fiske, known 
in history as " Black Friday"? VVIC 



180 The New United States. [period vii. 

1664. When was Black Friday? Describe it. How was the plot de- 
feated? What was the result to the organizers? What was its effect on 
the people? 1376-1377 

1665. W'hy were not the poor of our country blamed for the disaster 
caused by the Black-Friday scheme? Generai, 

1666. When was the great Chicago fire? W^hat is said to have caused it? 
On what morning did they check its progress? iq7« 

1667. How many lives were lost in the Chicago fire? How many were 
made homeless? What was the value of the destroyed portion of the city? 

1378 

1668. Relate something of the help extended to Chicago by other cities. 

Describe the rapid work of rebuilding. io^-- io-o 

^ *=* 13//-13/8 

1669. What was the Tweed Ring? How did it gain control of affairs 
in New-York City? 13"9 

. 1670. What was the estimated cost of the court-house? To what extent 
were the taxpayers defrauded? 13'^9-1"81 

1671. In what way did the Court of Appeals of New York assist in 
thwarting justice in the case of Boss Tweed? yoo-i 

1672. What did Tweed coolly ask when confronted with tlie facts of his 
rascality? On being arrested, how did he escape, and by what means was 
he returned? Where did he die? I'^Sl-lSS'^ 

1673. Of whom did the Tribunal of Arbitration consist, and what was 
its purpose? When and where did it meet? 1383 

1674. On what grounds was the United States awarded fifteen and a half 
million dollars from Great Britain? How was the Northwest boundary 
question settled? 1383 



A. D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UnITED STATES. 181 

1675. In what year were all the states represented in both houses of 
Congress, it being the first time since i860? i-jjc/I 

1676. What was the Kuklux Klan t Explain their purpose. How were 
they finally uprooted? I'^sj. 

1677. How was the radical government imposed upon the South from 

the close of the war until 1871 upheld? . 

Ioo4 

1678. "What were the provisions of the Force Bill passed in 1871? 

1384 



1679. What was the act of amnesty passed in May, 1872? 



1385 



1680. What were the preparations made in 1869 to annex San Domingo? 
To whom was the failure probably due? What was the result of the friend- 
ship between the President and a senator? ioorr 100^ 

1681. Who were some of the noted men who died during the adminis- 
tration of President Grant? ^oQa 

1682. What were the characteristics of Horace Greeley that so forcibly 
impressed his personality on the country? mx? 

1683. What policy of those who had gotten control of the Republican 
party during Grant's first administration alienated many of Lincoln's most 
devoted friends and supporters, and resulted in a convention of Liberal 
Republicans at Cincinnati, Ohio, in January, 1872? iq«7 



1684. Who were the presidential candidates in 1872? Who was elected? 

1388 

1685. What causes contributed to the death of Horace Greeley? 

1388 

1686. What railway company was created by Congress in 1862? What 
was the scheme? 1S90 



182 The New United States. [period vii. 

1687. What was the Credit Mobilier of xA.inerica? What connection did 
it have with the Union Pacific Railway? iqqo 

1688. How did Oakes Ames corrnpt Congress with stock in the Credit 
Mobilier Company? What other high officials were involved in the scandal? 

1391 

1689. Describe the tronbles which arose concerning Louisiana politics. 
In what condition was the Louisiana Legislature? mQl_l'^Qr 

1690. What was the "carpetbag" government forced upon the South 
after the war? What was its effect as illustrated by the increase of taxes 
and disorder in Louisiana? T^Q'^ 

1691. What were the causes that led up to the New -Orleans riots of 
1874? Describe the riot. I^qq 

1692. In what manner did the United States troops show their sympathy 
with the people and against carpetbagism and military rule of the South? 

1394 

1693. How did President Grant receive the report of the supremacy of 
the people, uphold the government of force, and reinstate carpetbagism? 

1394 

1694. How did those claiming to be Republicans secure power in Loui- 
siana in 1874? What was the decision of the Congressional Investigating 
Committee relative to this election? How was this committee made up? 

1394 

1695. What revolutionary methods were employed by the Democrats to 
obtain control of the Louisiana Legislature in January, 1875? iQq4 

1696. How was the power of the United States Government employed 
in January, 1875, to undo the work of the Democrats in Louisiana, and to 
install Republicans in office? I'^Q'i 

1697. Who were the "carpetbaggers"? What was the result of their 

work in the South ? ., onp 

139o 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 183 

1698. What was the civil war of 1874 between the two wings of the 
Republican party in Arkansas? 1007 

1699. What scheme did the radical Republican party have on foot in 
Arkansas at the time of the riots there in 1874? 

1700. What other state suffered much from carpetbag rule? Illustrate 
the result of this rule by explaining how a railroad company only laid ten 
miles of track and received eight hundred thousand dollars, the payment 
of eighty miles. What is said concerning convicts and criminals under 
such rule? Who constituted the courts of South Carolina? iqqq 



1701. What were the true republican principles incorporated in the new 
constitution adopted by Arkansas? What position did President Grant take 
in regard to this new constitution? What were its results? iqqq 



1702. What fatal mistake did the carpetbaggers make in electing D. H. 
Chamberlain as governor? What methods of reform did he at once begin 
and carry out, and with what consequent result? 1 401 -1409 



1703. Of what event was the Centennial in 1876 the celebration? Why 
was it held at Philadelphia? 14A1_1409 



1704. How many civilized nations were represented? What was the 
total number of visitors during the Centennial? 1409 



1705. What member of Grant's Cabinet corruptly received large sums 
of money and still held the friendship of the President? 140-^ 

1706. About how many Indians did Indian Territory include in 1874? 
How far had they advanced in civilization? 1409 



1707. Name the five civilized tribes, and explain their government. 

1402-1403 



184 The New United States. [period vii. 

1708. What power was conferred by tlie treaty of 1866 on the Indian 
courts? -, , 1 ,,>.> 

1709. What is their peculiar custom when an Indian is condemned to 

death? _ , .,.0 

Note 1403 

1710. Why is there no taxation in Indian Territory? From what sources 

is the public income derived? ^, . ,,..^ 

^ Note 140o 

1711. How are lands held by the Indians of Indian Territory? In what 
way can you see this to be an advantage over our system in case of debt? 

Note 1403 

1712. What is the " Indian Ring"? What wrongs have been perpetrated 
against the Indians by it? 1404 

1713. Describe the unjust manner in which the Indians were treated 
when gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1874. 1404 



1714. For what purpose did the numerous tribes meet in 1871? Why 

did not their efforts succeed? ^ ,,, , . .n- 

1404-140o 



1715. Describe the ill-treatment of the Modoc Indians. In what way 
did they retaliate, and how was the difficulty finally settled? 140^ 



1710. Which was the most powerful tribe of Indians on the American 

continent at tliis time? Who was their chief? ^ .^^ 

1406 



1717. Why did trouble arise between the government and the Sioux? 

1406 

1718. Who were the attacking party in the war with the Sioux in 1876? 

1406 

1719. What ambition perhaps led General Custer to his death? -tAr^n 



A. D. 1865-1898] ThE NeW UNITED STATES. 185 

1720. Describe the jDlans laid by the army. Of what was General Custer's 

command composed? Give his plans. ^ .^„ . .^^ 

^ ^ 1407-1408 

1721. What orders were given Major Reno, and how was he prevented 
from fulfilling them? 

1722. When and where did the Custer massacre occur? i/iao 

1408 

1723. What was the result of the Custer massacre? How did " Curley," 
Custer's Indian scout, escape? ^ , 

1724. What is said of " Comanche," the only living thing except 
"Curley," the scout, that went into that battle with Custer, which came 
out alive? ^^^g 

1725. By whom were the bodies of Custer and his men found? What 
respect had the Indians shown the dead body of Custer? i/fin 

1726. What two defeats were given the Indians later? Where and when 

was a conference held ? ' ^ ^ i 

1411 

1727. When was Colorado admitted to the Union? Of what great pur- 
chase was it originally a part? Wliat are its principal industries? 

1412 

1728. Who were nominated for President on the Republican and Demo- 
cratic tickets in 1876? What was the result? iaiq 

1729. By what was the trouble caused after the election, and what 
threats were made? What grave peril now confronted our nation? 

1413 

1730. Why was General Grant not nominated for a third term at the 

close of his second term? 1110 

1413 



1731. How was the trouble growing out of the election of 1876 settled? 

1414 



186 The New United States. [period vii. 

1732. In what way was the Electoral Commission of 1876 made to stand 
eight Republicans and seven Democrats, instead of eight Democrats and 
seven Republicans? ij.i/1 

1733. What was the result of the balloting on all questions? What 
must be the conclusion about the occupancy of the presidential chair by 
Hayes? ^^^^ 

1734. W^hy were Democrats as much guilty of crime as the Republicans 

in the election of 1876? -, ,^- 

' Note 14 lo 

1735. What were some of the notable incidents that characterized the 

four years of Hayes's administration. , -, ,10 

•' Head Note 141b 

1736. When and where was the first telephone put in use for business 
purposes? ^^^g 



1737. What increase in population did the census of 1880 show? Where 
was the highest rate of increase? 141 ft 



1738. Describe the great railroad strike of 1877. What action of the 
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad caused it? What was the loss of life and 
damage to property? 1418-1422 



1739. Wliat is the approximate membership of the Brotherhood of Ivoco- 
motive Engineers? 14.90 



1740. For whose protection was the militia called out in the great strike 
of 1877? 1420 

1741. With whom did the militia sympathize in the strike of 1877? 

1420 

1742. Why can the regular army soldiers be better relied on to shoot 
down striking laboring men than can the militia boys? 1490 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 187 



1743. What result followed the shooting down of the leaders of the 
strikers at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1877? 

1744. With what Indians did Lewis and Clarke make a treaty in 1806? 
How long were they faithful to that treaty? What caused the outbreak 
in 1877? 1^23 



1745. Name the chief of the Nez Perce Indians. Describe him. How 

did he compel the admiration of American troops ? 1 1 00 1 1 w^ 1 

14^0— 141i4 

1746. On w^hat occasion did Chief Joseph use the words "From where 

the sun now stands, I fight no more against the white man"? ^ ,,^,, 

' * * • 1426 

1747. At whose special request did Chief Joseph attend the dedication 

of Grant's monument in New York in April, 1897? What honor was 

bestowed upon him on this occasion? What were Joseph's impressions 

of the East? ^ ,,-.,, 

Note 1426 

1748. What admiration did General Howard feel for Chief Joseph? In 
what way did he befriend him? lAop 

1749. What were "shinplasters"? When were they in use, and what 
brought them before the public? 14.97 

1750. What is meant by remonetization of silver? Demonetization of 
silver? ^^.^^ 



1751. How did the Greenback party receive its name? 149" 



1752. What was the amount of greenback money issued during the 

war? ^, 

142/ 

1753. In what feature did the paper money issued during the war differ 
from metal money? 14.9'- 



188 The New United States. [period vii. 



1754. Had the law made paper money a legal tender for import duties 

and interest on the public debt as well as for other purposes, do you think 

sfold would have been at a premium? 

** (Generai..) 

1755. Had paper money been made a legal tender for duties on import 
and interest on public debt, as well as for all other purposes, what de- 
mand would there have been for gold or silver, or any "particular" kind 

of money? 

(General.) 

1756. At what premium were silver dollars in 1873 when demonetized? 

1427 

1757. Do you think that silver would have depreciated had it not been 

demonetized in 187^? 

' "^ (General.) 



1758. What action was taken by Congress in 1878 in consequence of the 
demonetization of silver? 1 197 



1759. What were the demands of the Greenback party? 14.97 

17G0. What was the Resumption Act? 1J.9Q 



1701. What is meant bv refunding a debt? 

° (See Dictionary.) 



17G2. If bonds for $1,000,000,000 drawing six per cent interest for five 
years are refunded at four per cent interest for thirty years, what is the 
saving to the people who have the bonds to pay? 

(Problem in Mathematics.) 

17()3. In what year did yellow fever rage with great virulence? What 
cities suffered most severely? How many deaths occurred from it? 

. 1428 

1764. When was the seat of the United States Government moved in 
consequence of a scourge of yellow fever? 1498 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 189 

1765. What was the loss of life caused by yellow fever in 1878? 

1428 

17G6. Why are overflows of the Mississippi River so disastrous? -1490 

1767. What has been the result of the Eads jetties? 149q 

1768. What was the extent of overflow of 1897? ,^ -1 <nrv 

^' Note 1429 

1769. To whom belongs the honor of solving the problem as to the real 
source of the Mississippi River? 1490 

1770. What may be said of the act of the Legislature of Minnesota in 
relation to preserving the beauty of the vicinity of the source of the Father 
of Waters? X-^^l 

1771. What is the actual length of the Mississippi River? x^'kA. 

1772. Describe the Chinese as a people. How did they spread alarm in 
the United States? Describe the treaty made with China in 1880. ^ .og 

1773. When was the Treaty of Washington made, and what were its 
provisions? 14S5 

1774. What dispute arose as to the Treaty of Washington, and how was 
it settled? 1435-1436 

i 

1775. Why were the mine-owners of Pennsylvania responsible for the 
"Molly Maguires" and the depredations committed by them? 14^6 

1776. Who were the "Molly Maguires"? Why was sympathy felt for 
the mine-owners? Who were the men designated as "scabs"? a^^^k 

1777. Repeat some of the outrages committed by the " Molly IMaguires." 
What were the warnings given by them ? 1436 



190 The New United States. [period vii. 

1778. In what way were the -'Molly Magnires" uprooted and their 
depredations stopped? 1430 

1779. When did General Grant with his wife and son make a tour around 
the world? Name some of the places of interest visited by them. How 
were they received by the different sovereigns? ^ , ,^ 

1780. What United States warship was at the service of ex-President 
Grant during his entire journey around the world, lasting over sixteen 
months? ^^^q 

1781. What effort was made by Roscoe Conklin and three hundred and 
six other delegates in the Republican Convention to break the great prece- 
dent set by Washington — that " no man should serve more than eight years 
as President." 1440 

1782. What sacrifices were made by James G. Blaine and John Sherman 
that this time-honored precedent might be preserved? .. , ,. 

1783. What candidates were nominated for the presidency by the Repub- 
lican and Democratic parties in i88o? Who was elected? .... 

1784. Give a short sketch of the life of James Abram Garfield. What 
was his war record? 144o_144q 

1785. Who were the "Stalwarts" of i88i, and who was their leader? 
What were the views of the "Half-breeds," and who was their leader? 

1444 

1786. What were the circumstances of the President's assassination? 
When did he die? What curious coincidence is connected with the day 
of his death? Where is he buried? 1441^ 

1787. What is said of the assassin, and when was he hanged? -iaak 

1788. Who succeeded Garfield to the presidency? I44fi_i447 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 191 



1789. What were the "Star-Route Frauds"? What promment people 

were connected with them? How were they brought to trial, and what 

was the result? 

1447 

1790. What were the provisions of the Edmunds anti-polygamy bill, and 

when was it passed? . . .^ 

^ 1448 



1791. What were the provisions of the amnesty proclamation of 1894. 

issued by President Cleveland ? ^ . . r. 

- ^ 1448 



1792. Describe the suspension bridge connecting the cities of New York 
and Brooklyn. When was work begun on it, and when was it completed? 

1449 

1793. In whose charge was the exploring expedition of Alaska during 
President Arthur's term? When and from what place did it set sail? 

1449 

1794. Describe the ceremonies which attended the hundredth anniversary 

of the surrender at Yorktown„ -> Asn 

1450 



1795. What action did the leading nations take in 1880 for the further 
study of the different phases of the weather and the magnetic needle? 

1452 

1796. Name the two points fixed upon for observation by the United 
States. ^452 



1797. Of whom was the Greely expedition composed? From what point 
did they start, and where was their destination? 14f^9 



1798. What would be a simple plan for parties engaged in work of this 
kind? Describe arrangement made for supplies in 1882 and 1883. 

1452 



1799. Why were Greely and his party placed in such grave peril in 

1453 



' 1884? 



192 The New United States. [period vii. 

18U0. When did the exploring party arrive at Lady Franklin Bay? 
What did they name their signal station? 14"'^ 

1801. Describe the weather at the signal station in the months of October 
and February. 1458 



1802. What was the most important side issne undertaken by this enter- 
prise? Of whom was this expedition in charge? What was his plan? 

1453 

1803. What barrier ^o their progress was finally reached? What did 
the observation taken on the first clear day reveal? What latitude were 
they now in? 1455 



1804. Who has since gone beyond the latitude reached by Lockwood 
and Brainard? 1455 



1805. What name did they give to the farthest point seen? iak^ 



1806. Describe the reign of darkness and the hopeless journey home- 
ward. -^4-g 



1807. Where did they pass the coming winter? Describe their condition 
during the winter. What brave officer died? 1450-1457 

1808. When and under whose command did the government send a relief 
expedition? By what means were Greely and his men traced? 14.^7 

1809. Describe the condition of the men when found. How many were 
alive? When did they reach New York? ^^k- 

1810. Give the graphic story as told by J. A. Jackson, signal-man for 
Commander Schley. ^^-^ 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE New UNITED STATES. 193 

1811. What honors were bestowed on Greely and Brainard? What is 
said of Brainard 's conduct toward his companions when they were starving? 

Note 1458 

1812. What men were nominated for President by the Republican and 

Democratic parties in 1884? Who was elected? . ,_„ 

1459 

1813. What phrase used at a banquet during the presidential campaign 
turned the tide in favor of Democracy? takq 



1814. Give a short sketch on the early life of Grover Cleveland. 



1460 



1815. Where is the statue of Liberty? By whom presented? When 

dedicated? Give the dimensions. -.An-i ^ Anr, 

. 14d1— 14bz 



1816. What noted general's death occurred the first year of Cleveland's 

first administration? What was the cause? i ^^.o ^ ^^r 

14bz— 1455 

1817. Name some of the merited honors which General Grant received 
from the government. What reverses did he meet with on his tour around 
the world? ^^^^ 

1818. Why did not President Cleveland attend the funeral of Vice- 
president Hendricks? ^ ...^ 

^ Note 1408 

1819. Name other noted men who died during Cleveland's adminis- 
"■'''■°"- ^ 1468-1470 

1820. What incident inspired Judge F. M. Finch, of New York, to write 
the popular poem entitled *' The Blue and the Gray"? -. ,^^ 

1821. What tribe of Indians has been the most murderous in their 
resistance of the white settlers? What sad fact has been revealed in refer- 
ence to past and present treatment of Indians by early settlers? ij.'-o 

1822. What are the characteristics of the Apache Indians? ., ,„o 



194 The New United States. [period vii. 



1823. Describe the injustice of the government toward the Warm-Spring 
Indians. What was the result? ^^^^ 

1824. Wlio was Geronimo? Who was Chato, and what were his pre- 
tensions ? 1475 

1825. Describe the capture and escape of Geronimo. Relate the depre- 
dations committed by himself and band. ^ ,^__^ .__ 



1826. When, where, and by whom were Geronimo and his followers 
brought to bay? Relate the opening of communication. -|4-q_i4'-q 

1827. Describe the surrender of the Apaches. Wliat was done with 
the band? 1478-1481 

1828. Give the incident of General Sheridan's bonmoi to the Indian 
Turtle Dove. 148S 

1829. When was the great earthquake experienced in the South? Which 
cities suffered most severely? las'^ 

1830. On what date occurred the anarchistic riot in Chicago? What 
was the cause that led up to this disturbance? i4«4_i4«5 

1831. Describe the riot which occurred at Haymarket Plaza. How 
many men were killed? 14K5 



1832. What noted general died in i888? Give a short sketch of his life. 

1485-1487 

1833. Who was elected President in i888? ^.g- 



1834. Give a brief account of the life of ex-President Benjamin Harrison. 
What relation does he bear to ex-President W. H. Harrison? i4«» 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NeW UNITED STATES. 195 



1835. What were the incidents of the naval disaster at Samoa in March, 
1889? How many Americans were lost? What damage was done to 

^"^^"'^■- 1489-1490 

1836. When did the Johnstown flood occur? Who were responsible for 
this awful disaster? 1490-1492 

1837. What was the estimated number of people who lost their lives in 
'^' ^'"^- 1492-1497 

1888. Describe the Conemaugh-Lake reservoir. 

1839. Who was the Paul Revere of the Johnstown flood? Why was his 
warning unheeded by so many? 

1840. What is the strange incident of John W. Sharkey and wife as 

connected with the Johnstown flood? ^ .^„ 

■^ Note 1497 

1841. What is the "Mafia"? In what way did they nearly bring on 

war between this country and Italy? -, Ar.rr -, ,^r^ 

^ ^ 1497-1498 

1842. What was Italy's attitude toward America in this affair? How 
was this affair finally settled to Italy's satisfaction? ^ .pq 

1848. What provoked our trouble with Chili in 1891? 14.00 ipcno 

1844. What was the Valparaiso incident of October, 1 89 1? ^ p,^^ 

1845. What was Captain Winfield Scott Schley's official report of the 
Valparaiso incident after investigation? -.-^^ 

1846. In what way was insult offered our government in the Valparaiso 

investigation? How did President Benjamin Harrison bring the Chilian 

Government to time? -,-nn 

1502 



19G Thk New United States. [period vii. 



1847. When occurred the most terrible Indian war in the history of 
America? ^.^^3 

1848. What is said of our Indian Bureau and the men who have from 
time to time been appointed to carry out our contract with the poor red 
man? ^^^3 

1849. Describe the Sioux Indians and their reservations? Who was 
Sitting Bull? ^.Q^ 

1850. What was the "Messiah craze"? Who were the ghost-dancers? 

1505 

1851. In what way did Chief Sitting Bull make use of the "Messiah 
craze"? What plans did he lay, and how did they begin to ripen? 

1506-1507 

1852. Describe the arrest and murder of Sitting Bull and his son. By 

whom was it committed? irno inn 

150(S-15J0 



1853. Describe the mock surrender of Whitefoot and the battle which 

occurred soon after. What was the loss to both white men and Indians? 

Bv what name is this battle known? i-m, .-io 

lolO-lolz 



1854. Why were squaws and children shot at the battle of Wounded 
K^^^- 1512-1513 



1855. What false alarm brought the soldiers out to Pine Ridge? How 
did the foresight of General Forsyth save his men from ambuscade? What 
praise is due the colored cavalry at this attack? ^ _ , ... ^.. 

1856. What grave peril now threatened the white men? How was it 
averted? ^^-^^ 



1857. What rash act of Lieutenant Casey cost him his life? 

1514-1516 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UnITED STATES. 197 



1858. In what way did Chief Red Cloud manifest his higher instincts 

of humanity in the incident of Lieutenant Casey's death? ^-,.^ 

lolo 



1859. Describe the delicate situation at Pine-Ridge Agency between the 
Indians and white men. With what may the tact of General Miles and 
his men, in driving the Indians in, be compared? 

l-Ol.l3~"l-Oi I 

1860. Describe the scene of surrender of the Sioux in 1891. 

1518-1620 

1861. How many Indians surrendered to General Miles at Pine -Ridge 
Agency in 1891. ^^^^ 



1862. What was the celebrated decision of Judge Shiras which set free 
the slayer of Lieutenant Casey? _ 



1863. Of whom is the Grand Army of the Republic composed? When 
and where was the first post organized ? ^^.^ 

1864. Where was the Twenty-sixth Annual Encampment held? What 
is the estimated number of ex-soldiers who passed in review before Vice- 
president Morton at the Washington Encampment? What route did they 

travel ^ 

1523 

1865. What was the Mijares incident? When did it occur? ^m^ 

1866. What was the incident of Gamez? ipjop; 

1867. For the violation of what law of nations was the United States 
minister recalled from Guatamala, and Commander Reiter of the ship 
Ranger dismissed from the naval service? 1 fiop; 

1868. In what way is the deck of an American vessel carrying the flag 
of our nation regarded? ikok 



198 The New United States. [period vii. 



18(>9. What is the law of nations established for the benefit of political 

1525-1526 



refugees ? 



1870. When and where did Jefferson Davis die? What is a brief sketch 

of the life of this remarkable man ? ^ -^^ 

1526 



1871. What are some of the important events in the life of William 

Tecumseh Sherman? Where and when did he die? ir^c^n i roo 

1526-1528 



1872. What admiral's death occurred the day before Sherman's? Of 
what service had he been to his country? -v^^ i kqa 

1873. When and where did Statesman Blaine's death occur? What 
events hastened it? How many times was his name up for nomination 
of the presidency? Give an account of his life. ^-''^^ i^qj. 

1874. What ex-President died in 1893? Name other noted people who 
died in the same year? 1 p^qa 

1875. What four parties had candidates for the presidential election in 
1892? Name the candidate of each party. 1 p:qp; 



1876. Who Was elected President in 1892? Give reasons for Democratic 
success. ^g3g 



1877. Who were officers in President Cleveland's Cabinet? ^ ro^- 

153/ 



1878. What President introduced the custom of delivering his inaugural 
address in the open air? What had been the custom previous to this 

'""^- ^ 1538 



1879. Who was the first President inaugurated at Washington? 

1538 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 199 



1880. When and where was the World's Cohimbian Exposition held? 
Why was the exhibition not held on the true anniversary of the discovery 
of America? ^^^^ 



1881. Where was the location and what was the extent of the Exposition 
grounds? jg^Q 



1882. Why was not the original Declaration of Independence placed on 
exhibition at the World's Fair? In what way were the people deceived 
in regard to this immortal document at that exhibition ? 



1883. What notable mementoes of the times of Franklin, General Jackson, 
and Lincoln were exhibited in their original form at the World's Fair in 

^^93? 1545 

1884. What amount was contributed by your state to the Exposition? 

1575 

1885. Was the Exposition a financial success? What was the profit 

to the company? • .^,. 

^ ^ 1541 



1886. Where and when was the Midwinter Fair of 1804 held? -, ^„^ 

^^ 15/5 



1887. Where and when was the Atlanta Exposition of 1895 held? How 
and by whom was the machinery started at this show? ir-'? 



1888. What noted colored man delivered an oration at the opening of the 
Atlanta Exposition that compelled the admiration and acknowledgment 
of his ability by that element of society who a few years before held him 
in chains of slavery? -tn^n 



1889. How many islands in the Hawaiian group? Give their location. 

By what profession were they first explored? Why was not their presence 

beneficial to the native rulers? -imn 

lo7o 



200 Thk New United States. [period vii. 



1800. What was the tenor of our treaties made with Hawaii in 1849 
and 1875? ^^^^ 

1891. What industry did these treaties favor, and who controlled it? 

1579 

1892. Who was king of the islands at this time (1874)? What may 
be said of his ability? When did he die? What was the cry raised by 
the Hawaiian Legislature when they saw their government and lands being 
taken from them by foreigners? I'TQ 

1893. What was King David of Hawaii forced to do by the progressists, 
and what harbor was ceded to the United States? For what is this harbor 
used? ^ ;^5g0 

1894. Who became ruler upon the death of King David? What were 
some of her characteristics? . 1580 

1895. What led to the political disturbance in the islands, and to whom 
did the citizens appeal for protection from the queen? 15S1 

1896. What followed this appeal, and what action was taken by the 
provisional government on February i, 1894? 1581 

1897. Who was the American minister to Hawaii at this time? What 
was the sentiment among the citizens of the island, and what position was 
taken by President Harrison? 1582 

1898. 'What were the terms of the treaty framed soon after, and what 
provision was made for the deposed queen and her daughter? iroo 

1899. Why did President Harrison favor the ratification of the treaty? 

1582 

1900. Who became President at this juncture, and how did his opinion 
on the Hawaiian affair coincide with that of his predecessor? 15S'^ 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NeW UNITED STATES. 2.01 



1901. What had been the success of the provisional government during 

this time? 

1582 

1902. What action was taken by President Cleveland toward reinstating 
the deposed queen of Hawaii, and why were not his plans carried out? 

1583 

1903. Was Congress in accord with the President? What was finally 

done in regard to establishing a stable government? Wliat was Minister 

Willis's opinion of the provisional government? 

1583 

1904. What military leader was retired in 1895, and who succeeded 
him? was his successor a " West - Pointer " ? W^hat is our custom of 

retiringr armv officers? 

1585 

1905. In what way do the life and achievements of General Nelson A. 

Miles demonstrate, in a measure, that military schools in a republic are 

needless institutions? 

1585 

1906. What are the objects of unions among workingmen? Why are 
employers most always able to starve those who work for them into accept- 
ing any exacting demands or oppression that they feel inclined to impose 

on them ? 

1588-1589 



1907. In the settlement of labor troubles, why is a decision usually 

rendered in favor of the employer and to the disadvantage of the employee? 

What is arbitration? .,^0.^ 

1589 



1908. What seems to be the only solution to the vexing problem of 
capital and labor? 1589-1(528 



1909. W'hat was the earliest strike in the history of our countrv, and 

what was its result? -,-,^^ 

lo92 



1910. On what occasion was the military force first called out to suppress 
a strike? ^^^^ 



202 The New United States. [period vii. 

1911. When did the first strike against "scab" or non-nnion labor take 
place, and in what trade? 11592 

1912. What was the peculiar point of contention in the Maine dam- 
builders strike in 1836? 1593 



1913. What is a "sliding scale" as applied to wages paid to labor? In 
your opinion, is it just or unjust? ir09 



1914. What unjust and unreasonable demand of the Carnegie Steel Com- 
pany was the primary cause of the Homestead massacre? irno 



1915. What number of armed thugs did the Carnegie Company employ 
in 1892 to shoot down those from whose toil they had grown rich? How 
many were thus murdered? ir'04- 



1916. What is meant by the "black-list" as used against workingmen 
by employers? ^^^^ 



1917. What were the losses resulting from the Homestead troubles in 

1607 



1892? 



1918. Where is Coeur D' Alene? What was the cause of the great strike 
which occurred there in 1892? How were the efforts of the workingmen 
to secure a living wage defeated? 



'& ""£>^ 



1607 



1919. What practice of the Tennessee Coal-Mining Company provoked 
the trouble in Tennessee in 1892? IfilO 



1920. What baleful law was repealed by the Tennessee Legislature in 
1892 in consequence of the trouble arising from coal-miners? ■^c^^ 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NeW UNITED STATES. 203 



1921. What notorious decision of the United States District Court in the 
Ann- Arbor strike of 1893 signalized the beginning of a new if not dangerous 
assumption of authority by those whom we had heretofore regarded as inter- 
preters of the law, rather than makers or executors thereof? ^^^^ 

lolo 

1922. In what way did the new assumption of authority by the courts 
deprive a number of leaders in the American Railway Union strike of 1894 
of their constitutional right of trial by jury, and imprison them for a number 

°f '™""'^ • 1622-1625 

1923. What was the '' Commonweal Army " ? Who was its organizer, 

and what was its obiect? , ^ 

^ 1(528 



1924. What two propositions did General Coxey submit to Congress? 

1628 

1925. What is the difference between Coxey's non-interest-bearing bond 
plan and the national banking system of the United States? „ 



1926. What was the total strength of "Coxey's army," and what penalty 
was suffered by the leaders for failing to "keep off the grass"? -ipoq 

1927. What in general seems to be the primary cause of great bodies 

of workmen striking? ^ 

° Generai,. 



1928. When was Utah admitted to the Union? What change was made 

in our flag at that time? ^^ ^ , 

1634 



1929. What unique features of Utah's State Constitution irake it one 
of the most progressive organic laws of any state in the Union? What 
great social crime previously allowed in the territory is prohibited by it? 

1635 

1930. What is the object and purposes of the Niagara Falls Power Com- 
pany, formed in 1886, and what has been its success? When and for what 
purpose was the first attempt made? -^^ok 



204 Thk New United States. [period vii. 



1931. What celebrated controversy, lasting nearly one lumdred years, 
was settled by the Anglo -Venezuelan treaty made in 1897, during Cleveland's 
last administration? 1G38 

1932. Why did our country take a hand in the affair? What action was 
taken by President Cleveland? 1639 

1933. In what wav did President Cleveland and Congress, through the 
Monroe Doctrine, protect the little South-American Republic of Venezuela 
from the land-grabbing greed of Great Britain in 1895-97? ipAO 

1934. Who were the members of the Venezuelan Commission? .^.^ 

1642 

1935. Wliat were the important provisions of the six heads of the propo- 
sition submitted in 1896 by Lord Salisbury (Prime Minister of England) 
to Secretary Olney of President Cleveland's Cabinet, looking to a perpetual 
board of arbitration to settle disputes arising between America and Great 
Britain? Why did Olney object to sections 4 and 6? Why would such an 

arrangement be beneficial to both nations? ^^aa 

* 1644 

1936. What became of this treaty? , ^r.r-r. 

■^ Head Note 1o59 

1937. How many tickets were in the field in the campaign of 1896? 
Who were the nominees of the two great parties? ip.-yi 

1938. What was the principal issue of the Democrats? Of the Repub- 
licans? ^/^-r' 

1939. What is the meaning of "16 to i"? .p^- 

^ Note 165o 

1940. What occasioned the "split" in the Republican Convention? 
How many delegates retired, and who was their leader? ir'^ 

1941. What is meant by "Sound-money Democrats"? What was their 
platform? ' ^^^g 



A. D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 205 

1942. Which party was successful at the polls in 1896? Give the elec- 
toral vote. Did the president-elect receive a popular majority? What is 
a popular majority? 

1943. Did the Sound-money Democrats carry a state? How many votes, 

rightly distributed, would have reversed the election? 

1657 

1944. W^iat candidate in 1876 received a popular majority and yet was 
defeated for the presidency? A change of how many votes would have 
been required to make James G. Blaine President? iapc? 

1945. W^hat can be said of the attitude of Congress towards President 
Cleveland upon his second inauguration? Upon his retirement? -i^^^ 

1946. Of what state is President McKinley a native? Where was he 
born, and of what nationality were his ancestors? ifir;Q 

1947. How old was he when he enlisted, and what title did he bear at 
the close of the Civil War? -.^^^ 

1948. At what battle was his promotion won, and on whose , recommen- 
dation? In how many battles did he serve? iffiq 



1949. What was the first public office to which McKinley w-as elected? 
Has he ever been defeated? ifir4 



1950. WTio was Vice-president under McKinley during a part of his 
first term? When did he die? ipfiS 



1951. AVho was the oldest President? What can you say of the com- 
parative age of the Presidents? ircs 

1952. How many Presidents have been furnished by Ohio? By \'irginia? 
By other states? 1670 



206 The New United States. [period vil 

1953. What President lived to the most advanced age? Which \vas the 
youngest at his death? Which at his election? ICO 

1954. W^hich President served the shortest time? Which were twice 
elected? Which two were three times candidates? Which were assassi- 
nated in office, and which died in office? 1071 

1955. What unique position does John Scott Harrison hold in United 
States history? 1671 



1956. What President afterward became an officer of the Confederacy? 

1672 

1957. What ex-president made a tour of the world, and what were his 
financial circumstances at his death? 1672 



• 1958. What President was known as "The Cincinnatus of the West"? 
' ' The Sage of Monticello " ? "Old Hickory " ? " Whisky Van " ? "Ac- 
cidental President"? " Railsplitter " ? "Sir Veto"? "The Man of 
Destiny"? "The Advance Agent of Prosperity"? .^^.. 

1959. What do you know of the life of Martha Washington? ip7q 

1960. What is said of the ladies who have presided at the White House? 

1673 

1961. What characteristics made "Dolly" Madison one of the most 
popular ladies that has presided at the White House? i('"4 

1962. What is said of the letters of Abigail Adams to her husband, 
President John Adams, published in 1848? ip74 

1968. Why was there no "Lady of the White House" during Jefferson's 
two terms? 1674 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 207 



1964. What act of Mrs. Sarah Polk, in conformity to her church dis- 
cipline, changed the manner of White -House entertaiiiments during her 

husband's term of office as President? 

1676 



1965. What sad bereavement befell President Pierce and wife on their 
way to Washington that cast a gloom over the entire period of their occu- 
pancy of the President's house? 

1676 



1966. What two old bachelors have been elected to the presidency? 

1676-1678 

1967. What effect did the tragic death of President Lincoln and the loss 

of three children have on the life of Mrs. Mary Todd Lincoln? -,^„^ 

1d7o 



1968. What President owes his education and subsequent honors to his 

wife? 

1677 



1969. What is said of Lncy Webb Hayes as the presiding hostess of the 

White House? 

1678 



1970. What is said of Frances Folsom Cleveland as the first lady in the 

land? 

1678 



1971. Who officiated in President McKinley's Cabinet? ^^on 

ib8U 



1972. What mode of settling international disputes was brought forth 

by the Venezuelan question? What is "arbitration"? -...^.^ 

lo80 



1973. What were the provisions of the "General Arbitration Treaty" 
as submitted to the Senate by President Cleveland, with his approval? 

1682 

1974. What amendment was made to the treaty to cover the "Monroe 
Doctrine" and the Nicaragua-Canal project? ^ggg 



208 The New United States. [period vii. 



1975. What notable petition on the subject of international arbitration 
was presented to Congress by Senator Nelson in 1897? How did our 
Senate treat this poj)ular demand for international peace? lARft 

1976. When was the city of Greater New York created? What is its 
area and population? What cities are included in this corporation? What 
is its length and breadth? irS8 

1977. When was the first American navy authorized by Congress, and 
of how many boats did it consist? Which was the most famous? i^oq 

1978. What naval battle worked a revolution in battleship - buildingj 
and why? ^^^^ 

1979. How did our country rank among naval powers in 1861, and why 
was our fall so sudden after the close of the Civil War? 1(^)0 

1980. When were the first steel battleships built for the United States, 
and what were their names? ifqo 



1981. What noted battleship authorized to be built in 1886 was after- 
wards the indirect cause of a war in 1898? ipOQ 

1982. How many armored vessels were there in the United States navy 
in 1900? ^gg- 

1983. How many torpedo-boats in our navy in 1900, and what is the 
speed of our newer boats? 1099 

1984. What noted scientific expedition was undertaken in 1891? Who 
was in command? How did it differ from others of the same kind, and 
what latitude had been reached by former expeditions? 170'^ 

1985. Describe some incidents of the above expedition. What was the 
farthest point reached, and what discoveries, if any, were made? i-taq 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE New UniTED STATES. 209 



1986. When did the second expedition start? What was its object, and 

what noteworthy incident took place September I2, 1893? What were the 

results of the voyasre? ^^^^ 

1703 

1987. What persons remained in the Arctic regions for further explora- 
tion? What was their experience? 1^/7 

1988. When w^as the sixth expedition fitted out, and what was its pur- 
pose? Was it accomplished? 1707 

1989. What honor was bestowed on Lieutenant Peary in 1897 in recog- 
nition of his services in discovering Greenland to be an island? 

Note 1707 

1990. What is Lieutenant Peary's ambition, and what are his plans for 
attaining it? ^^^g 



1991. How did Spain in 1400 compare with the Spain of to-day? 

1712 

1992. What can be said of Spain's treatment of her colonies in the 
Western Hemisphere? ^ 1^10 

1993. When did the Cubans declare their independence of Spain, and 

what plan was formed to maintain it? -,.,., 

^ 1714 



1994. Name four prominent leaders of the Cuban revolution. What was 
the numerical strength of the patriot army? 1714. 

1995. Who was the Spanish commander? What was the size of his 
army? What were his plans, and why not practicable? 171P; 

1996. When did the Cubans organize a permanent government? Who 
were the first elected officers of the Cuban Republic, and what titles did 
they bear? How many of the provinces sent representatives to the first 
Cuban Congress? 171 a 



210 The New United States. [period vil 



1997. What can be said of the difficulties encountered by the Cubans? 
What substantial encouragement was received from the United States? 

1718 

1998. What was the desire of many members of the United States Con- 
gress relative to the Cuban question in 1896? What status would this have 
given the Cubans? Wliat do you understand by "belligerent rights"? 
Of what benefit would this have been to the Cubans? ^^^^ 

1999. What portion of the island was held by the Cubans in 1896, and 
what city was their objective point? 1"'1Q 

2000. Who was the Spanish Captain - General of Cuba at this time? 
When was he recalled, and why? 1""20 

2001. Who was his successor? Wliat were some of his characteristics? 
What was his plan of campaign? 17-20 

2002. WHiy were no regular battles fought by the Cubans? To what 
noted revolutionary guerillas may they be compared ? ^ ^^^ 

2003. What noted Cuban general was killed December 7, 1896? What 
was the surmise regarding his death? -j-^-. 

2004. Who became United States Consul at Havana about this time? 
What can you say of his character? ^^^j. 

2005. Where are the PribAdov Islands? Why are they valuable? What 
great company has a monopoly of the fur-producing islands of America? 

1722 

2006. Why did our country become involved in difficulty regarding 
these islands? How was it decided to settle the question? Where did 
the tribunal hold its sessions? 1799 

2007. What decision was reached by the tribunal, and what regulations 
were recommended? 1799 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE NEW UNITED STATES. 211 



2008. What recommendation was made by President Cleveland in regard 
to damages to English shipping? What are "consequential damages"? 

1724 

2009. What incident was taken as a precedent in this case? What 
judgment was rendered by Congress? ^1^,^,24 

2010. What were the provisions of the bill passed by Congress in March, 
1895, regarding the fur industry? ^^^25 

2011. Which was the first state admitted to the Union? When? How 
was its centennial celebrated? 1726 



2012. Of what state was Tennessee a part in former days? ^^, 



26 



2013. When and where was the state of Franklin formed? Why was 
it formed and why so named? 1726 

2014. Who was the first and only governor of the state of Franklin? 
What became of the state? ^^'j'28 

2015. What was the first capital of Tennessee? -j^Y28 

2016. Name ten American authors and their most noted works. Who 
was the "Quaker Poet"? ^735 

2017. Who was the earliest noted American humorist, and what were 
his most noted productions? 1744 

2018. Who was the author of the "Leather-stocking Tales"? -j^^^^^ 

2019. When and by whom was the process of vulcanizing rubber dis- 
covered ? 1749 



212 The New United States. [period vii. 

2020. When and by whom was invented the electro - magnetic tele- 
graph? 1749 

2021. "What were two noted inventions of Eli Whitney? 1740 

2022. What noted struggle is it said one of them caused? Why? 

1749 

2023. What noted work was conceived and executed by Cyrus West 
Field"? 



2024. Who was the most noted inventor of the age? Give a short 
account of his strusfSfles and inventions. 



"^&i5' 



1750 



2025. When was the first patent -law passed? Under this law, what 
was the life of a patent? 17Pii 

2026. What restriction was adopted in 1793? What was the fee? 

1751 

2027. When was the Patent Bureau created? Of what department 
is it a part at the present time? What is the total cost of securing a 
patent? ^^j^-^ 

2028. What protection is given an author by the United States? What 
is the life of a copyright? 17Pi9 

2029. What is the description of the Washington monument at Fair- 
mount Park, Philadelphia, dedicated in 1897? 17f^2 

2030. When were subscriptions for the Washington monument at Phila- 
delphia first received? What was its total cost? l'''"4 

2031. What was the only purpose on which Washington formally ad- 
dressed the Constitutional Convention? With what result? ^r-^^ 



A.D. 1865-1898] ThE New UNITED STATES. 213 

2032. What is the magnitude of the new Congressional Library? What 
was its cost in dollars? What was its cost in land at the prevailing price 
in your vicinity? How many acres would it take to pay for this buildino-? 

1758 

2033. What historical heirloom, which was carried away by the British 
soldiers when they evacuated Boston, was returned to America by the 
English authorities in 1897? > 

2034. What is one of the most prominent attributes of real greatness 
manifested in the characters of Grant, Lincoln, Jefferson, Jackson, and 
Washington? ^^^^ 

2035. Who delivered the oration at the dedication of the great Grant 
monument in 1897? 

2036. To whom more than any other is due the credit of securing for 

General Grant the imposing monument and memorial services so much 

in keeping with his greatness and the love in which he was held by the 

American people? i«rv/. 

17yo 

I 2037. What is an "extra session" of Congress? When and why was 
the first called? Why did President McKinley call an extra session in 

^' Note 1797 

2038. What is the duty of the Ways and Means Committee of Congress? 
Who was chairman of the committee at this extra session of 1897? 

1796 

2039. What was the deficiency at the beginning of McKinley's admin- 
istration, and how had it been created? itoq 

i79o 

2040. What are the most prominent features of the Dingley bill? Why 
so called? ^^gg 



2041. What is the general feeling among the American people in regard 
to tariff measures after once adopted? \9S\<^ 



214 The New United States. [period vii. 

2042. What agreement was made by the Dawes Commission with the 
Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians, and what does this agreement fore- 
shadow? -^g^3^ 



2043. What noted discovery stirred the peojjle of the United States in 

1802 



1897? 



2044. Where is the Klondike? What was the value of nuggets and dust 
brought out the first season? What was their weight? isn9 



2045. Where is Dawson City? By whom founded? What can you say 
of its growth ? ^g^^ 



2046. W^ho was the first woman to arrive at the Klondike? What 
beneficent Canadian law accounts for the comparative absence of lawless- 
ness in that region? Is Dawson City located on American soil? -iq^^a 



'47. What is the nearest route to this mining region? What distance 

from Chilcoot Inlet? What is said of the seasons? ., .,/^r- 

1805 



2048. What tribute does the English statistician Mulhall pay to America 
as a producing power? How many persons in our country can read and 
write? ^g(jg 



2049. How does the per-capita w^ealth of rural districts compare w'ith 
cities? What reason is assigned for the greater influx of population to 
cities? ^3-^^ 



2050. What were the southern and western limits of the United States 
at the close of the Revolution? What was added to this in 1803? 

Map 1811 

2051. How were the present states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho 
acquired ? Florida ? 1 «i 9 



A. Do 1865-1898] ThE New UNITED STATES. 215 



2052. What further expansion took place in 1845? 1848? 1867? What 

was our increase in area from 1790 to 1870, and its total cost? ^o-,o 

1612 

2053. How does our population in 1790 compare with that of 1890? 
Our density of population with that of Europe? ..o^^ 

2054. Why are New Mexico and Arizona deprived of statehood? 

Note 1812 

2055. What caused the wonderful scenery of the Far West? For what 
is Yellowstone Park noted? 1«14. 

2056. How much of our public lands has been given away to railroad 
companies? 1814 

2057. What was the most populous state in 1790? In 1890? Where 
was the center of population in these years? 1»1A 

2058. WHiat is the leading occupation of our country, taking number 
employed as a basis? Taking value as a basis? I8i» 



2059. What was the value of farm products in 1890? Of manufactures? 
What year was an exception? Wliy? iqiq 

2060. In how many states is tobacco produced? Which one furnishes 
half the supply? Which is the most important of our cereal crops? 

1819 

2061. How does our wheat crop of 1891 compare with that of other 
countries? Which state leads in the production of cotton? i»iq 

2062. AVhat fractional part of our country is not adapted to agriculture? 
Why? What remedy is now used? 1820 



2063. What was the average annual wages in 1850? In 1890? What 
is our greatest manufacturing center and the value of its products? 

1820 



216 The New United States. [period vii. 

2064. In consideration of the great strides made within the last centnry 
in discovery, invention, and acliievements, what may we with reason antici- 
pate as possibilities of this century? 

1822 

2065. What kind of ownership of water-rights proves a great hardshij) to 

the settlers of the West? ^„^. 

1824 

2066. What difficulties have arisen from the system of irrigation in the 
West? What do the people who use this sj^stem demand? icoa 

2067. What plan has been proposed by O. M. Donaldson? What change 

would this make in the boundaries of the states? -,or,K ' 

loZo 

2068. W^iat is extraordinary about the new Alaskan boundary? What 
and where is the longest straight boundary in the world? .^^^ 

2069. What is the most famous boundary line in the United States? 
When is it first mentioned in history? By whom surveyed prior to the 
Civil War? ^^^^ 

2070. Which are the only states bounded by parallels and meridians? 
Which is the most irregular boundary, and how is it defined? .r,,^„ 

2071. At what age should pupils begin the study of Civil Government 
and United States History? . 

2072. What is one of the manifest dangers that threatens our country? 
What great question arises from it? ^ -^^ 

2073. What two other perils threaten our country? In what does the 

remedy lie? 

^ 1830 



PERIOD VIIL 

OUR COIvONIAI. EXPANSION. 
FROM 1898 TO . 



FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE 

SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 

TO . 



This period marks a new interpretation of the idea of a republican form of 
government. We have long since learned that kings, emperors and crowned heads 
could, consistent with the idea that permitted them to exist at all, go out 
beyond the limits of their provinces and purchase, subdue or conquer other lands 
and people, and ever after keep them in subjection, to their will and law, but 
when a like right was first claimed for a Republic, in which the lowest is equal 
before the law with the greatest, thousands stood aghast, questioning the wisdom 
of such a proposition, and the subject, at this writing, still being unsettled, we 
can only note the beginning of the period, and leave its ending to conjecture. 



Period VIII. 

OUR COLONIAL EXPANSION 



From A. D. 1898 to 



2074. When and by whom was Cnba discovered? Give its length, 
breadth, and area. What is said of its soil, climate, and vegetation? 

1833 

2075. What fractional part of the island is nncultivated? For what 
products is it famous? 1835 

2076. What has crippled Cuba's tobacco and coffee industries? -i oqk 

2077. What was its population in 1887? What is the recognized religion 
of the island? What is said of its educational facilities? .goy 

2078. What is the Cuba?n metropolis? Its population? Describe its 
construction and location? 1839 

2079. How many miles of railroads in the island prior to the recent 
war? What are the five principal ports? 1839 

2080. What do you understand by " reconcentrados " ? What does Clara 
Barton say of the Cuban famine? ^^,^^ -^^^^ 

2081. What were some of the atrocities perpetrated by Spain during the 
*' ten-years' struggle" in Cuba? ^q_^-j^ 

2082. What was the Virginius episode? What became of the crew? 
How was the matter settled? ^843 

(219) 



220 Our Colonial Expaxsion. [period vm. 



2088. What was the Dr. Ricardo Ruiz incident of 1897 that may safely 
be considered primarily the beginning of the end of Spanish rule in the 
Western Hemisphere? 184-1 

2084. When and by \vhom was Cuba first colonized? What town was 
founded ? 1845 

2085. When and under what circumstances was the famous IMorro Castle 
built? 1847 

2086. In what year did an American force assist in capturing Havana? 
During what war? What two noted Americans assisted? When was Cuba 
given back to Spain in exchange for Florida? ^g.g 

2087. In what way and when did Cuba gain the name "Ever-faithful 
Isle"? ' 18^9 

2088. Which were the first Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere d 
to gain their independence? When did the first open rebellion occur in 
Cuba? What were its primary causes? 1849 

2089. Where, when, and bv whom was the next revolt organized? How 
did it end? ^^r,i 

2090. What is the Black-Eagle Society as it relates to Cuba? ^^^. 

2091. What caused the Cuban revolution of 1868? When and by whom 
was their first declaration of independence published? What did their 
constitution of 1869 declare? ^ggg 

2092. When and by what treaty was the insurrection closed? By the 
terms of this treaty, what rights were guaranteed to the Cubans? 10-0 

2093. How did Spain adhere to her promises? What were some of the 
results of "the six-years' war"? 1854 



A. D. 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 221 



2094. What resolution was made by the Cubans after this betrayal? 
What is a "Junta"? What city of the United States was headquarters 

for the Cuban Junta? 

^ 1856 

2095. Who was placed in command of the Cuban army in 1895? What 
plan was formed, and when was the general uprising to occur? ^ ^„ 

2096. What were the three political parties in Cuba at this time? Give 

the principles of each? ^ _ 

^ ^ 1859 

2097. What noted Cuban leader of the ten-years' war took command 
of the insurgent forces in April, iSos? .^^^ 

2098. How many Spanish soldiers were sent to put down the rebellion? 

How many Cubans were in their army in the autumn of 1896? 1 qpa 

looO 

2099. What was the policy of the Cubans in 1896, and its purpose? 
What success did they have, and how had the Spanish succeeded? 

1861 

2100. What Spanish general was relieved of his command at this time? 
Wlio was his successor? Give a description of his personal ajDpearance. 

1861 

2101. What is a "trocha"? How many lines of them did the new 
captain -general construct? What was their length, and how many men 
were required to guard them? 

2102. When did General Maceo die? How did he meet his death, and 

who was his successor? ior. ^ 

1862 



2103. What was Weyler's policy in the island? What of his success? 
When was his first pacification proclamation issued? ^^,,^ 



2104. W'hat is meant by the policy of " reconcentration " ? Who was 
its author? ^ ^gg3 



222 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 



2105. What was the tenor of the message of President McKinley to 
Congress on April ii, 1898? 1864-1865 

2106. What action was taken by our country in October, 1897? Did 
Spain fulfill her promises? What appalling number of the population 
of Cuba were starved to death by Weyler's policy? ISCA] 

2107. What American congressmen visited Cuba for the purpose of veri- 
fying the reported horrors committed against the poor Cubans in 1897? 
What was Senator Thurston's report? 1865-1866 



2108. What charitable appropriation was made by Congress in 1897? 

1867 

2109. What work was done by the "Red-Cross Association" in Cuba 
in 1897? ;^Sg7 

2110. How much money was voted by Spain for the relief of the recon- 
centrados? How much of it was used for that purpose? 18r9 

2111. When was "Butcher" Weyler recalled? WHio was his successor? 
What measures were taken for the relief of the sufferers? 1809 

2112. Who was the leader of the Liberal party in Spain at this time? 
What crisis in 1897 helped them into power? To what did they pledge 
themselves? 1869 

2113. What is " autonomy"? Why could not the Cubans be won to it? 

1871 

2114. What was Captain-general Blanco's policy? What attention was 
paid to his amnesty proclamations by the Cubans? What threat was made 
by General Gomez toward any bearer of an autonomy scheme? Was it 
carried out? 18'"2 

2115. When and where was the first Cuban Constituent Convention held? 
W hat action was taken ? .. o ^n 



A. D, 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 223 



211G. Where was their capital? "Was their government entitled to recog- 
nition? ^g^^ 

2117. What was our attitude toward Spain, and vice versa? Why did 
Spain increase her navy? ift74. 

2118. What were the insults of the De Lome letter? How did it come 

into the possession of the United States? What followed the exposure 

of the De Lome letter? -lor-r. 

18/6 

2119. What national disaster took place on February 15, 1898? 

1876 

2120. Who reported the disaster to Captain Sigsbee? ift77 

2121. What was the value of the ship destroyed? How many men were 
killed? Who was her commander? Was the visit of the Maine in accord- 
ance with national custom? lQ7r 

2122. How was the news received in the United States? Name the 
board of inquiry. Give the substance of their rej)ort. 1S"7 

2123. What was the condition of our War and Navy departments at this 
juncture? W^iat of our resources? is^q 

2124. What preparations were made by our country? How was the 

regular armv strengthened? -xor-c^ 

^ " ° Ib^y 

2125. Who was the author of the resolution of April 19, 1898, declaring 
the independence of the Cuban people? ■\'k9A 

2126. What are the specific provisions of the fourth section of the Foraker 
resolution? 1SS9 



2127. Have the provisions and expressed intent of the Foraker resolution 
toward the Cubans been kept by the United States? (Aprtl, 1901.) 

1882 



224 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viii. 



2128. When was tlie uUiniatum sent to Spain? What was demanded? 
How was it received by Spain? . ^^^ 

2129. What diplomatic trick of the Spanish Government prevented the 
delivery of President McKinley's nltimatum through the channels to which 
it was directed? 18SS 

2130. When and by what captures did the war with Spain open? W'hen 
did Spain officially declare war against the United States? What date 
marks the official beginning of hostilities in America? 1884-188^1 

2131. How many volunteers were called for by the President? How 
many answered the call? Who was appointed to arrange for the union 
of the Cuban and United States troops? 1S85 

2132. What action was taken by England at this time? What encourage- 
ment did Spain receive from her appeal to the powers? Why? i s8(' 

2133. What action of the Spanish navy caused alarm in this country in 
April, 1898? Who commanded the American squadron in the Far East? 
Why was he forced to leave Hong Kong? 1SS<) 

2134. What enormous bond issue was authorized by Congress before the 
war with Spain had lasted a fortnight? 18S0 

2135. How many miles of standard-gauge railroad at twenty-five thou- 
sand dollars per mile would the authorized bond issue for the Spanish- 
American War construct and equip? General 

2130. Had our government been a constructive instead of a destructive 
nation, how many United States trunk-line railway systems from ocean 
to ocean could have been built for the cost of the Spanish- American War? 

General. 



2137. What have we to show for the millions spent in war since April, 

General. 



1898? 



A.D, 1898- — ] Our Colonial Expansion. 225 

2138. Where are the Philippine Islands? Why so named? How many- 
islands in the gronp? Which is the most important, and with what state 
does it compare in area ? What is the approximate population of the 
Philippine Islands? -{fi,()^ 

2139. Who was the leader of the native forces of the Philippines? What 
is said of him? How was he regarded by Admiral Dewey? ^ oqi 

2140. What arrangements were made by the Spanish in 1897 for a cessa- 
tion of hostilities? How did the Spanish keep this compact? -. oqi 

2141. What is the principal city of the Philippines? W^hat is its loca- 
tion, population, and industries? Describe Manila Bay. 18^9 

2142. What preparations were made for the reception of the American 
fleet? How many ships in the Spanish fleet? In the American? iqqo 



2143. What do you understand by the "armament" of a ship? The 
"barbette"? A "battery"? A " conning-tower "? " Displacement," etc. ? 

Note 1893 

2144. When did Commodore Dewey reach Subig Bay? Describe Dewey's 
approach to Manila Bay. 189'" 

2145. What are the particulars of the battle of Manila? What can you 
say of the action of the American gunners? What city was soon after 
captured? Give names of the Spanish ships destroyed. How long did the 
battle of Manila last? What mistake did the Spanish make when Dewey 
retired for breakfast? 1895 



2146. How many Americans lost their lives in this battle? Were the 
boats of either fleet armored? 1S98 

2147. What fact makes Dewey's victory at Manila the most wonderful 
in the world's history of warfare? • 1898 



226 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 

2148. How does the opening of the Civil War compare with that of the 
Spanish- American? What was the cry in the former? The latter? 

NOTE 1899 

2149. Where were the American troops mobilized? What do }ou under- 
stand by "mobilizing"? What was confidently expected by the people 
of the United States? . ^ggg 

2150. What former Confederate generals were made major-generals in 
this war? What position had Lee held prior to this time? igqo 

2151. What was one of the beneficent results of the war? Was the war 
popular? Why? Wliy was the invasion of Cuba delayed? ^^.^. 

2152t What disquieting rumors were circulated regarding the Spanish 
fleet? Who was in command of this squadron? Why would it have been 
dangerous to send transports to Cuba? ^^^^ 

2153. W^hat was the most important task to be accomplished? Who 
commanded the fleet detailed for this duty? ^ . 

2154. What are the particulars of the engagement in which the first 
American lives were lost in the war? Describe the death of Ensign Bagley. 
What is the touching sentiment in his last letter to his mother? lan-:} 

2155. What general instructions had been issued to American warships? 
When and where did the first chance for an engagement in the West Indies 
occur? What was the result? The American loss? iq04 

2156. What news regarding the Spanish fleet reached the United States 
on Alay 29, 1898? Name the ships composing this fleet. What was feared 
by Americans? 1906 

2157. What was Lieutenant Hobson's daring scheme to prevent the 
escape of the Spanish fleet? How was it carried out? iqap 



A.D. 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 227 



2158. Describe this thrilling episode. How were the captives treated 
by the humane Cervera? 

2159. Describe the record-breaking- run of the Oregon. Who was in 
command? What was the distance? The time? ^ 

2160. To what is assigned the main cause of Spain's decay? What is 

her proportion of illiterates? ^^^^ 

^ ^ Note 1921 

2161. What seemed to be the first natural step in the war with Spain? 
Why was discontent expressed at the delay in carrying it out? What 
preparations were necessary? 

2162. When was the American army ordered organized? Of what was 
it to be composed ? What was it necessary for Generals Wheeler and Lee 
to do before entering the service? What is a noteworthy fact regarding 
General Wheeler? iqoq 

2163. What unique cavalry regiment was organized by Colonel Theodore 
Roosevelt? What is said of the character of its members? iqoq 

2164. What notable act of Congress was passed June i, 1898, that vir- 
tually marks the end of the war of 1861-1865? iqoj. 

2165. Describe the Iris. What is its purpose? Why is it necessary? 

For what is the Solace used? irvr./^ 

1926 



2166. How many ships environed Cuba on the last of May, 1898? Who 

was in command? What can be said of this fleet? -.(.^.^ 

192b 

2167. Describe the first bombardment of Santiago, June 5th. What effect 
did it have on the Spanish fort? What damage to the fleet? iqqn 

2168. When did the first American soldiers land in Cuba? WHiat point 
was first captured? What was the place designed for? Did the Spaniards 
make good their boast? iqq9 



228 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 



2169. For whom was Camp McCalla named? Describe the attack on 
the camp. What was the American loss? The Spanish? ^^.^.^ 

2170. Describe the harbor of Santiago de Cuba. When and by whom 
was it first discovered? Who fonnded the city? When was the INIorro 
erected? What is the meaning of "Morro"? IQ^Q 

2171. When and where did the vangnard of the American army land in 
Cnba? What resistance was met? What movement was made to decei\e 
the enemy? -^c)^^ 

2172. What engine of destrnction was bronght out by the war? De- 
scribe her. -j^g^^ 

2173. What was the war feeling in Spain? By what name were Ameri- 
cans known? What title had Weyler gained? Who is Carlos the pre- 
tender? -^^45 

2174. Why did Commodore Dewey hesitate to capture Manila? W'hat 
pledge was secured from Aguinaldo? What was to be the penalty for 
breaking his promise? What were some of Aguinaldo 's achievements in 
assisting to capture Manila? 1947 

2175. What remarkable charge did Cunninghame-Grahame, a former 
member of the British Parliament, make concerning Dewey's victor}- at 
Manila which, if true, deprives our American sailors of the glory of the 
victory? ^^^^ jf)47 

2170. Give a short resume of Aguinaldo's three proclamations, issued 
May 24, 1898. -j^g^-jr 



2177. Who was appointed military governor of the Philippines by the 
United States? When were the first troops ordered to the islands? 

1948 

2178. How many expeditions were sent at this time? What was their 
total strength? Who were in command? 1949 



A.D. 1898-.... J Our Colonial Expansion. 229 



2179. What island was seized by the Charleston? Where is this island 

situated? When did the ships arrive at Manila? 

1949 

2180. What was the number of Spanish troops at Manila at this time? 
What nation secretly favored the Spanish? Why not openly? iqca 

2181. What were the principal causes of the Philippine rebellion? On 
what conditions did the rebels agree to lay down their arms? -[qka 

2182. Were the conditions agreed to by the governor -general? What 
amount was paid to Aguinaldo? -i(\K'^ 



2183. W'hat two needs of the country were emphasized by the war with 
Spain? What long, dangerous trip could have been avoided by the exist- 
ence of the first? irvro 

195d 



2184. What advantage would have been gained in the war by the second? 
What resolution was introduced in Congress, about the opening of the war 
with Spain, bearing on this subject? iqp;4. 



2185. Was the annexation forcible, or with the consent of the governed? 

1955 

2186. When was the final vote on the resolution taken? How did it 
stand? Give the gist of the resolution. When was it signed by the 
President? iqfi« 



2187. What precedent was followed in the annexation of Hawaii? 

1960 

2188. What is the principal product of the Hawaiian Islands? What 
is Its standard of value? 1Qfi2 



2189. What is said of the public debt, interest rate, wages, employment, 
etc., in Hawaii? iqr-? 



230 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 

2190. When was the landing of General Shafter's army in Cuba com- 
pleted? What did it number? By whom was the landing aided? iqpj 

2191. Describe the battle of Siboney. What cavalry took part? What 
can you say of the action of Colonel Roosevelt? Who were the first two 
men killed in this fight? 1966-1970 

2192. To what did the Spaniards afterwards ascribe their defeat in this 
battle? What was the Spanish loss? The American? 1970-1971 

2193. What points was it necessary to capture before attacking Santiago? 
WHio commanded the forces assigned to these points? W'hen did the attack 
take place? 1977 

2194. Describe the fight at San Juan, When and by whom was the first 
flag of truce brought into the American lines? ^„^„_^qoq 

219.5. Describe the attack on El Caney. How many Spanish prisoners 
were taken? What city now became the objective point? 19S9 

2196. What is said of the bravery of the Seventy-first New York in the 
advance on Santiago? How many Spaniards were killed or wounded? 
What disgraceful act of the Spanish is noted after this battle? 1983 

2197. What was the effect of the "rebel yell" given in the advance? 
Who planted the stars and stripes on San-Juan Hill? Wliat was the total 
American loss? 1987 

2198. What remarkable feat of marksmanship took place in the pre- 
liminary bombardment of Santiago? What fact was impressed upon the 
administration? When did General Shafter demand the surrender of San- 

^^^^°^ 1988-1990 

2199. Who was the commander of the Spanish forces ? What reply 
did he give to Shafter's demand? What favor was asked by the non- 
combatants? 199"? 



A.D. 189S ] Our Colonial Expansion. 231 



2200. Who opposed the Spanish General Pando as he attempted to join 
Toral at Santiago? iqqq 

J-UtJO 

2201. When did the Spanish fleet attempt to escape from the harbor of 
Santiago? Who discovered them? From what ship? Where was Admiral 
Sampson at this time? iqcu 

2202. Why had Cervera made this attempt in the face of certain defeat? 
Name the Spanish ships. The American. Which was the Spanish flag- 
ship? Which fleet opened the battle? What signal was displayed that 
said "The enemy is trying to escape"? iqq^ 

2203. Upon wdiat did the Spanish ships base their hope of escape ? 
Describe the flight and battle which followed. What remodeled yacht 
did gallant service in this fight? iqq7 

2204. W^hat was the fate of the Almirante Oqnendo? What noted words 
of Captain Philip were spoken on this occasion? iqqs 

2205. W-'hich was the last Spanish ship to succnmb? What two American 
boats led in the chase? At what time did the Colon surrender? iqqq 

2206. What is meant by "wigwagging"? Where is it used? What 
code? At how great a distance can ships signal by search-light? 

Note 2002 

2207. W^hat was the Spanish loss in this battle? The American? For 
how many miles was the coast strewn with wrecks? What international 
law was violated by the Spaniards? 9004. 

2208. How did the Americans treat the captured Spaniards? How had 
Cervera made himself popular in this country? 9004- 

2209. W^here were the Spanish prisoners quartered ? What idea had 
been given them of the Americans? What declaration was made by some 
of them? 2005 



232 Our Colonial Expansion. [period vin. 

2210. What opinion was expressed by the American Board of Survey in 
regard to the Spanish wrecks? Describe the damage done by the American 
fleet. What ships did the greatest execution ? Which of the sunken Spanish 
ships was afterwards raised and is now used in our navy ? 2005 

2211. What was Admiral Cervera\s explanation of his attempt to escape? 
Why was the attempt not made at night? Why was a battle-formation out 
of the question? 2007 

2212. Describe the escape of Cervera from his flagship. Give Captain 
Eulate's opinion of the attempted escape. 2010 

2213. What fact was demonstrated in this fight in regard to torpedo- 
boats? Did Cervera choose the proper time to escape? What can be said 
in general of the attempt? 2021 

2214. Why did Germany refuse to join an alliance against our country? 
Why was England's co-operation necessary to make a success of the alli- 



ance? 



2023 



2215. What precedent was followed by President McKinley on July 6, 
1898? Give the substance of the proclamation. 2024 

221G. How and when was an attempt made to block Santiago harbor 
against the American fleet? Was it successful? Why? '2024 

2217. What noted exchange of prisoners was effected on July 6, 1898? 
Describe the manner of exchanging. 2025 

2218. How were the Americans surprised on the morning of July 6th? 
What custom was violated on the arrival of the messenger? Why? 

2027 

2219. What requests were made by General Toral through his mes- 
seno-er? Were these requests acceded to? What extension of the truce 
was made? 2028 



A.D. 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 233 



2220. Give the gist of General Toral's report to the Spanish Minister 
of War. How did General Shafter proceed? What was the plan to be 
followed ? 2030 



2221. What wish was expressed by General Toral at the expiration of 
the truce? What instructions were given to General Shafter? What was 
the reply of Toral to this demand? 

2222. What was the result of this refusal? What is said of the response 
of the Spanish? ^^^^ 

2223. What terms of surrender were proposed by General Toral? De- 
scribe the attack of the fleet and its effect. 

2224. What was the intention of General Shafter, and why delayed? 
What orders were given the gunners? Why was an assault not ordered? 

2032 

2225. What plan was followed to improve the aim of the fleet? What 
ships were engaged in the bombardment? What noted general arrived 
about this time? oao.j 



2226. Describe the condition of the refugees from Santiago. What of 

the outrages of Spanish soldiers? When did the first meeting between 

the leaders take place? ^r.,^ a 

^ 2034 



2227. What demand was made by General Shafter at this meeting? 

Why did not General Toral accede to these demands? What was the 

result of this disagreement? ,-,,,.^ , 

^ 2034 

2228. What is said of the distance separating the opposing lines? When 

did the Americans hold a council of war? Who were present? What 

decision was reached? r.r>o- 

203o 

2229. WHiat notification was sent to General Toral? What was the 
condition of the weather and the discomforts of the soldiers at this time? 

2035 



234 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 

2230. Why were the authorities at Washington in a state of anxiety at 
this time? What dispatch from General Miles allayed their anxiety? 

2036 

2231. By the terms of the surrender, what territory passed into the 
hands of the United States? What serious difficulty arose when every 
thing seemed settled? 90*^7 

2232. When did the surrender take place? Give a summary of the 
terms. 2041 

2233. On what day did the American army enter Santiago? Who raised 
the American flag over the city? omo 

2234. Who was appointed military governor of Santiago? What is said 
of his efficiency? What were among his first acts? 904"" 

2235. What injustice was done the Cuban insurgents at the time of and 
after the surrender of Santiago? Give the substance of General Garcia's 
letter to General Shafter. 204c 

2236. What was the feeling in Washington in regard to General Garcia? 
Give the substance of General Shafter's reply to Garcia. 90^0 

2237. What was the substance of President McKinley's proclamation 
of July iStli? How was public and private property to be treated? How 
were duties to be expended? ^-,^;-. 

2238. When did the blockading squadron enter Manzanillo? What 
Spanish boats were destroyed? What damage to Americans? .^nri 

2239. When was the harbor and fort at Nipe captured? What prize 
was taken? Describe her. 90^1'" 

2240. In what way is the Cuban plan of deliveringmilk favorable to the 
customer, especially when milk is scarce and water plenty? 2055 



A.D. 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 235 

2241. How many prisoners and rifles and how much ammunition were 

surrendered at Santiago? What ship company was given the contract for 

transportation of the Spanish soldiers, and what was the price? ^. _^ 

20oo 



2242. What fault has been found with General Shafter's conduct of the 
Santiago campaign? Through whom did he get his appointment? What 
is the opinion of an officer of high rank regarding the battle of Santiago? 

2057 

2243. What appeal was sent to the Secretary of War by Colonel Roosevelt? 
What is a "round robin"? What fact soon became apparent? iynnr? 

2244. When did the first transport leave Cuba for the United States? 
To what point were the troops ordered? 9r»^Q 



2245. Describe a typical example of neglect. What regiment was known 
as "The President's Own"? Wliy? onr^A 



2246. When and by whom was Porto Rico discovered? When and where 
was the first settlement founded? What revolutions did it experience? 

2069 

2247. W^here is Porto Rico situated? Give its length, breadth, and area. 
How does it compare with New Jersey in size? Describe its surface. 

2069 

2248. Of what does its vegetation consist? W^hat are its staple products? 

How manv rivers drain it? W^iat and where is the capital? • nnr-rv 

'- 20 / 



2249. What is the largest city and its population? The population 
of Porto Rico? Name six other towns whose population exceeds fifteen 
thousands. Describe the climate of the island. What minerals are found? 

2071 

2250. How was the island governed ? What is said of the cruelty of the 
Spanish? How many natives were massacred in one hundred years of 
Spanish rule? 90''2 



236 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 



2251. What arrangements were made for the captnre of the island? 
Who was sent to perform the task ? What warships accompanied the 
troops? ^^^3 

2252. WHiat was the expectation of the American force? How were 
they agreeably surprised? 90^4 



2253. Who was in command of the Spanish forces? How was he sum- 
moned to surrender? What terms were demanded? ,^,^. 



2254. What proclamation was issued by General Miles? What were 
the provisional articles of surrender? What town was next captured? 

2076 

2255. Give substance of the proclamation issued by the mayor of Yauco. 
What is an alcalde? How were the Spaniards captured? 9n"'R 



2256. What was the feeling in Porto Rico regarding annexation? What 
city was the goal of the invading army? When and wdiere did the first 
real fight in Porto Rico take place? 90S0 



2257. When and where did the last naval battle take place? How long 
did it last? What ships took part? How was the battle ended? .^rjoj. 



2258. What news made the 4th of July, 1898, memorable? Where are 
the Ladrone Islands situated? What vessel made the capture? What 
humorous occurrence is connected with it? 9(»S4- 



2259. Who discovered these islands? Why are they called the Ladrones? 
What is their number and population? 9()Sf' 



2260. Who commanded the fourth expedition to the Philippines? What 
was the number of troops? How many American soldiers were in the 
Philippines in the latter part of July, 1898? 90sr 



A. D. 1S98-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 237 

22G1. Describe the attack on the Americans July 31st, What was the 
Spanish loss? The American? oaoa 

2262. What demand did Dewey make on the morning of August i, 1898? 

(What warning was sent by Commodore Dewey? What notification was 

given to neutral vessels? .u\qc\ 

Zvov 

2263. What request was made by the Spaniards? W'as it granted? 
How did the English and Japanese vessels show their sympathy for the 
Americans? ^089 

2264. What action was taken by the German warships? When did the 
American fleet prepare for action? Why was the attack deferred? ,^..^.^ 

2265. When did the bombardment begin? Why was the aim of the 
Americans bad at first? Did the Spanish profit by the hint? When did 
the enemy surrender? 9f\Qi 

2266. How did Captain-General Augustin escape? What were the terms 
of the surrender? How many prisoners were taken? What munitions 

°^ "^^^^ 2092 

2267. What can you say of the American loss before Manila? What 
proclamation was issued by General Merritt? What did he declare to be 
the purpose of the Americans? oncv? 

2268. What laws were allowed to continue in force? When was General 
Merritt ordered to suspend hostilities? ono'^ 



2269. Who were the Hawaiian Commission? How^ was the news of 

annexation received in Honolulu? Who was President of Hawaii? Who 

was the "Father of Annexation"? cr^n.^ 

209o 

2270. When was the American flag raised in Honolulu? Who was the 
American Minister at that time? oOQr 



238 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 



2271. What attempt to forcibly annex a portion of Hawaii \vas made 
"^ ^^^3? NOTE 2096 

2272. Describe the feelin<^ in Spain regarding- the war. What peril 
faced the Spanish rulers? What was Carlos's threat? ^nqg 

2273. What noted French statesman acted as intermediary in negotiating 
peace between onr country and Spain in 1898? ^qqq 

2274. What was President KcKinley's answer to Spain's proposal of 
peace on that afternoon of July 30, 1898? 9099 



2275. In what way does our dealing with Spain differ from the history 
of the past? ^^^^ 2(3^9 



2276. When was the peace protocol signed? Who signed in behalf of 
the two countries? What is a protocol? ^inn 



2277. What proclamation was then issued by the President immediately 
after the signing of the protocol? What notice was sent to the generals 
commanding the American forces? How was our army and navy dis- 
tributed? What were the terms of the protocol? ^iao 



2278. Who were the American peace commissioners? The Spanish? 
Where did they meet? What usual custom was followed by the Spanish? 

2109 

2279. What amount was offered to Spain? What other privilege was 
to be given them? Was this money given in exchange for the islands? 
If not, for what? 9111 



2280. How was the proposed treaty received by the Senate? What 
policy was combated by some members? When was it finally accepted? 
Give vote by parties. 2ii2 



A.D. 1898-.... J Our Colonial Expansion, 239 

2281. By the terms of the treaty the right to what territory was renounced 
by Spain? What were the terms regarding the Philippines? What agree- 
ment was made in regard to Spanish soldiers in the Philippines? 9110 

2282. When did the Qneen Regent sign the treaty of peace? When 
and by whom was the exchange of treaties made? 91 iq 

2283. When were the Spanish troops withdrawn from Cuba? When 
was the Cuban army disbanded? How were they paid? 911 a 

2284. W'hat course did Aguinaldo pursue in the Philippines? When 
and to what position was Rear- Admiral Dewey promoted? When did the 
official end of the war with Spain take place? By what act? 91 ik 

■2285. What has been the cost of wars to our country since the decla- 
ration of independence. Which was the most expensive? How was the 
expense of the Spanish- American war paid ? What is a " popular loan ' ' ? 

2116 

2286. What is said of the success of the popular loan? What was the 
amount? When was the bill signed by the President? 9117 

2287. WHiat members of the Cabinet resigned in 1898, and who were 
appointed to take their places? What great Exposition was opened June i, 
1898? • 2120 



2288. What is the Red-Cross Association? Its object? By how many 
of the powers is it recognized? How are its members designated? When 
was it organized in this country? 91 9q 

2289. Who is at the head of the association? In what field had she 

gained renown prior to this? What is the name of the vessel of this 

association? .ti t 1 

2124 

2290. What other organizations of charitable women do noble and truly 
Christian work in war and times of other pestilence? 91'^fU91^7 



240 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 



2291. Who were the leading American and Spanish generals of the late 
war ? Who is ' ' Fighting Joe " ? 2144 

2292. Give a brief sketch of General Lawton. In what Indian outbreak 
did he distinguish himself? How and when was he killed? ^lAQ 

2293. Give a short review of the life of Colonel Roosevelt. What 
political preference has been given him? W^hat is said of his activity in 
preparing for war? 2153 

2294. Of what squadron was Captain W. T. Sampson in command? 
When was he promoted, and to what rank? Where did he first distinguish 
himself? In what battle of the late war was he the nominal commander? 

2156 

2295. In what war did Rear-Admiral Schley receive his training? What 
was his most famous act up'to July, 1898? 2][5g 

2296. What naval officer is known as "Fighting Bob"? What vessel 
does he command? Who is in command of the Texas? What noted utter- 
ance did Admiral Phillips make at the battle of Santiago? ^kjo 

2297. Who was the greatest naval hero of the war with Spain?. At 
what battle did he win his laurels? What are some of his characteristics? 
In what war did he receive his training? Under what noted commander? 

2162 

2298. When did he receive the title of commodore, and to what squadron 
was he assigned? When was he made full admiral? What other two 
officers only have borne this title? 2164 

2299. When did Dewey return to the United States? Give a brief 
description of his reception. Where was it held? How many visitors 
were present? 2166 

2300. Who are the "unseen heroes" on a battleship? Mention some 
of the unfavorable conditions at the battle of Santiago. 2170 



A.D. 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 241 



2301. By the terms of the treaty of 1899 between the United States, 

Germany, and Great Britain, how were the Samoan Islands partitioned? 

What one fell to the United States? Why is it valuable? When was the 

treaty ratified by the United States? ' ^,^^ 

•^ 2171 



2302. What impressive ceremony took place December 28, 1899? What 
was the number of victims brought back? Describe the scene. 91 rr,-. 



2303. What w^ere the provisions of the reciprocity treaty made with 

France in July, 1899? What is reciprocity? What is the advantage 

gained by our country? When was a similar treaty with Portugal pro- 
claimed? ^^^r^ 

2172 



2304. What Cabinet officer resigned July 19, 1899? Why? Who was 
appointed in his place? What offices had he held prior to this time? 

2173 

2305. When and by whom was General Brooke superseded as governor- 
general of Cuba? ^ ,^-,r-4 

^ t 2174 



230G. Where is Cape Nome? When and by what discovery was it first 

brought to public notice? What is its distance from Seattle? ^^^, 

& r 2174 



2307. Describe the phenomenal growth of Nome City. What was the 

value of the gold taken out in 1899? When and where was the National 

Export Exposition held? c^-,„n 

zl7o 



2308. When and where was the International Commercial Congress 

held? W'hat was its object? How many nations were represented? What 

recommendations were made? ^. r. . 

21/8 



2309. What effect on the country did the election of a polygamist to 
Congress have? What influence w^as brought to bear against Roberts? 
Upon what was the feeling based? Who was the leader of the opposition? 

2179 



242 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 

2310. Upon what ground was Roberts claimed to be ineligible? Under 
what law? What decision was reached by the committee? What course 
was recommended by two of its members? What decision was finally 
reached, and when? What was the vote? 2179 

2311. By what disturbance was the war with Spain followed? What 
became necessary in order to make substantial progress? Who succeeded 
General Merritt as commander in the Philippines? 91S0 

2312. What was the proclamation issued by Aguinaldo? What argu- 
ment was made by some citizens of the United States in his favor? What 
effect did these arguments have on the insurgents? ^ici 

2313. What stand was taken by the administration? What commission 
was appointed? Who is Agoncillo? What was demanded by the Filipino 

2181 



commissioners? 



2314. What reply was made by the American commissioners, and what 
was promised the Filipinos? What obligations were conferred upon the 
United States by the transfer of the islands? 91 Si 

2315. When did the first outbreak of the insurgents occur? What orders 
were issued by Aguinaldo? Why were they not carried out? 9189 



2310. What duty of the United States now became apparent? How did 
General Lawton distinguish himself in the campaign following? What was 
the rebel force at the opening of hostilities, early in September? oigo 

2317. What is said of Aguinaldo's influence in the islands south of 
Luzon? What islands were occupied by American troops? What order 
was issued by the War Department on August 17th? 2183 



2318. What cruiser was wrecked in the autumn of 1899? Where? 
When and where was Major Logan killed? INIajor Lawton? 9^34 



A. D. 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 243 



2319. What was the number of American troops in the islands January 
8, 1900? What report was given out by General Otis? To what race did 
the rebellion seem to be confined? 

Zlo4 

2320. What was known of the whereabouts of Aguinaldo at this time? 

For what was he j^robably waiting? What did Dr. Schurman say of the 

ficrVitino''? 

^^niiu^ ■ 2185 

2321. Why did General Wheeler resign his commission? What was his 
opinion of the insurrection? Describe the career of General Guy V. Henry. 
When and where did he die? 

2322. What exploit made Frederick Funston famous? To what position 

was he promoted for this act? Give a brief sketch of his career. ,^-,,,« 

21b/ 

2323. Name the principal strikes during 1899. Which was the most 
violent? How long did it last? What was its cost? What is a boycott? 

2188 

2324. What celebrated decision by United States District Judge Rodgers, 

of Arkansas, delivered in 1899, will undoubtedly become a principle of 

general law, although fatal to interests of peace of the states and labor's 

welfare? 

2189 

2325. What wag the " bull pen " of Idaho? In what strike was it used? 

2189 

2326. What startling political crisis was precipitated in Kentucky in 
January, 1900? What led to the assassination of Goebel? Of what noted 
man was he a law-partner? 

2327. What course did Goebel adopt to obtain popularity? Against 
whom did he make a scurrilous attack? What was its final result? Was 
Goebel punished for this crime? What sad incident resulted from it? 

2190 

2328. Of what law was Goebel the author? What was his ambition? 

Describe the Goebel law. 

2190 



244 Our Colonial Expansion. [period viil 

2329. What is said of tlie election following? What decision was reached 
by the canvassing board ? When was Taylor inaugurated? 9^01 

2330. When and where was Goebel shot? 91 qo 

2331. What was the decision of the Contest Couiniissiou ? When and 
under what circumstances was Goebel sworn into ofhce? What action was 
prevented by Goxernor Taylor? 9109 

2332. Where did the legislators hold their meeting? When did Goebel 
die? How was the executive building guarded at this time? 91 q*:} 

2333. What was the decision of the Federal court in the Goebel -Taylor 
controversy regarding state elections? 910'^ 

2334. What decision was finally rendered by the State Board of Election 
Commissioners? 91 q4. 

2335. When and by whom was wireless telegraphy invented? When 
and on what occasion was the first message sent by wireless telegraphy? 

2195 

2336. What is meant by the "open-door" policy as applied to China? 
Wlio were the parties to this "open-door" treaty? 91 (ir 

2337. When and by whom was the Clayton -Bulwer treaty negotiated? 
What did it contemplate? Give the main points of the treaty. 91 qp 

2338. On what supposition was this treaty framed? 91 q? 

2339. W'hy is the Clayton -Bulwer treaty now void? 91 qy 

2340. W'hat action was taken by Congress in January, 1900, looking to 
the construction of the Nicaragua canal under the system known as "public 
ownership of public utilities"? 2197 



A. D. 1898-....] Our Colonial Expansion. 245 



2341. How did the plan in view treat the canal? Why would it be 
valuable? ^199 

2342. Why should the Hay-Pauncefote treaty not be considered binding 
if ratified? What other country established a precedent for repudiating an 
unreasonable treaty? 91 qq 

2343. What was first announced as being the object of the Hay-Pauncefote 
treaty? In what particular is this not true? What position would we oc- 
cupy in following its terms? In case of war, what would we be compelled 
to do? 2200 

2344. What doctrine of our fathers would be violated by so doing? 
What portion of the Clayton-Bulwer treaty has been violated for years by 
England? How was the Hay-Pauncefote treaty received by our citizens? 
What were its provisions? When was it reported to the Senate? 

2200-2201 

2345. What are the amendments, which were adopted by the Senate, 
regarding the Hay-Pauncefote treaty? Why did England object to this 
action? On what date is the Hay-Pauncefote treaty said to have died? 

2215-2216 

2346. What fact made the presidential election of 1900 similar to that 

of 1896? How did the platforms of the Democratic and Republicati tickets 

compare with those of 1896? ^^^^ 

^ ^ 2201-2202 

2347. How many other presidential tickets were in the field for the 

election of 1900? Name them, and give the nominees of each party. 

What was the result of the presidential election in 1900? -,,^^ ,,,„„ 

2203— 22O0 

2348. What appalling calamity befell the city of Galveston on September 
8, 1900? Locate this city. What favorable comparison did this city make 
with Providence, R. I.? What was the loss of life and property? 

2205-2208 

2349. Who were the "Boxers," and in what way did they become con- 
spicuous during the summer of 1900? Name their leader. What were the 
atrocious deeds committed by these "Boxers"? What was the cause of 
their intense hatred toward foreisrners? 

2209 



246 Our Colonial Expansion. • [period viil 

2350. What two prominent men were murdered by the "Boxers" about 
the last of May, 1900? What other attacks were made at the same time? 
Describe the siege and the preparations made by the legations in the event 
of capture. 2211 

2351'. What general movement was now inaugurated for the relief of the 
legations in China? What nations participated in it? How man\- did the 
combined forces number? 9911 

2352. When was the port of Tientsin stormed and captured? What was 
the loss in killed and wounded ? Relate particulars of a gallant American 
colonel's death, and tell what this incident illustrates. 991 1-991^ 

2353. When did the allied troops enter Pekin ? What punishment 
was meted out to the "Boxers"? At what time was a settlement finally 
reached in peace negotiations by the United States, and what policy did 
it embrace? 2211-2214 

2354. In what state of affairs were the Philippines at the opening of the 
twentieth century? Of what men was the Civil Commission composed, and 
what was its purpose? On reaching Manila, what favorable report was 
submitted by the Civil Commission? 2214-"^'>15 

2355. When was General Otis relieved of command in the Philippines, 
and who succeeded him? 2215 

2356. What noted ex-President's death occurred on March 13, 1901? 
What great loss did our nation suffer in his death? What precedent, set 
by President Harrison on the death of ex-President Hayes, was followed 
by President IMcKinley? 2*^21-2222 

2357. When and where did the capture of General Emilio Aguinaldo 
occur? By whom was he captured, and what promotion, as a reward, did 
his captor receive? How many men does Aguinaldo claim to have at one 
time commanded? 2225 

2358. To what city was Aguinaldo conveyed, and what important action 
was immediately taken on his arrival? What good results are hoped for 
from these actions? In what manner did he compliment the American 
soldier? 2225 



ANALYSIS 



OF THE 



DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 



NOTE ■ '^■^•^ DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE is 

perhaps the greatest State Paper in the world 
■when considered from the standpoint of Right. Prior to 1776 
the great nations of the world w^ere governed and ruled by 
king's, emperors, and other monarchs. It was the prevailing' 
idea that those great ( ? ) people were especially endowed by 
God. But at some time somebody somewhere began to apply 
the God-given faculty of thought to the idea of human affairs, 
and that moment the Declaration of Independence was born, 
appearing as an infant in the w^eak meetings of a few brave 
men here and there who dared to incur the ill-will of the 
"powers that were" by declaring that "all men were equal," 
or should be. They were termed "traitors," "cranks," etc. 
As a child, we have the immortal document in the "Meck- 
lenburg Declaration," and in 1776 it steps forth as a giant, 
striking the clutch of monarchy from three million souls and 
half the globe. Yet the Declaration of Independence and 
all it contemplates is but a Thought put into action. The 
following analysis and the questions on the grand old docu- 
ment are intended as thought - producers for you — to cause 
you to think. And after you have digested the list, then 
go to the Constitution, and ascertain how little the people 
have to do w^ith this great Republic. Learn to think thoughts 
for yourself. 



A ' ' self - evident truth ' ' is one so plain and free from doubt that no 
evidence or corroborative testimony is necessary to support it, or to have 
it understood or believed by all to whom it is stated ; so plain, indeed, 
that to declare it will at once convince every fair-minded persoir of its 
truth and justice. Hence, when the framers of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence wrote that "all men are created equal, and are endowed by the 
Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that among these are the right 
to life, right to liberty, and right to pursue happiness ; that to secure 
these rights (and for no other purpose) governments are instituted among: 

(i) 



n Analysis of thk Declaration of Independence. 

men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed;" the 
statement was so reasonable, and so much in harmony with the law of 
nature and nature's God, that they concluded that no explanation or 
excuse for such an assertion w'as then or ever would be necessary to have 
it admitted by all persons who lay any claim whatever to honesty and 
intelligence. It is only in these latter days that this great truth has been 
in any way questioned, and even now it must be admitted by the very 
persons wdio have recently attempted to establish a doubt of the truth of 
this, the first pillar-stone of our Republic, that if their efforts were stripped 
of all selfish or political purpose, it would be shown to be an attempt to 
deceive and defraud our people into abandoning the noblest expression 
of truth that has ever been uttered toward the emancipation of mankind 
from the oppressive wTongs of the designing. 

The three unalienable rights enumerated in the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence are those rights that belong to man because he is a living, intelli- 
gent creature ; those rights that come to him through creation, and not 
from any other man, body of men, government, or society. They are his 
because without them he could not fill that sphere in creation for which 
he was intended by the Creator ; hence they are unalienable — that is, he 
can not contract them away himself, nor can any power on earth take 
them away from him without cause, and do right by doing so. 

Life is that unseen something that seems to be the common heritage 
of all things in nature so long as they continue to be under natural con- 
ditions. We seem to draw it from an inexhaustible fountain that was here 
when we came, was here when the first creature began to live, and will be 
here when the last one disappears, if that time is to come. Hence it is 
ours to enjoy, but not to destroy or barter away ; nor has any one or 
number, of others any more right, control, or monopoly of it than we have. 
For that reason has no one person or combination of persons the right to 
take life away from us. 

Hence life, libertv, and the pursuit of happiness naturally depend on 
what God has made, and these things belong, or should belong, to all men 
as a common legacy or undivided family heritage. Governments should 
be instituted among men to take care of these things for the benefit and 
enjoyment of all men, and its chief aim should be to protect the weak and 
unwary against the schemes, laws, and systems of the strong or designing, 



Analysis of the Declaration of Independence. m 

by which the former might be deprived, either directly or indirectly, of what 
belongs or should belong to them in nature by the latter, or the laws and 
systems adopted for their aggrandizement and the despoliation of the less 
cunning or cruel. 

Liberty, from the standpoint of the individual, is freedom to do what 
one wills to do without let or hinderance, presumably for the purpose of 
promoting his individual happiness or enjoyment, it being taken for granted 
that an intelligent being would not do aught that would make him unhappy 
or miserable. The naturally constituted man could only be happy and 
feel joyful by seeing all others happy and filled with gladness. It is the 
unnatural, cultivated inclinations that lead one individual to do wrong to 
another, thus interfering with the liberty and pursuit of happiness that 
naturally belong to the other ; hence governments should be instituted 
among men for the purpose of restraining the one from wrong-doing, and 
to secure to the other those rights that belong to him by right of his being 
a living, intelligent creature. 

While life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness are primarily independent 
ideas, each expressing a thought within itself, the three in fact are one in 
the higher and more sublime consideration of man in all his relations to his 
Creator and fellow -creatures ; and I can not conceive of a better definition 
of its meaning as intended by the early law -makers of our country than 
this : Governments are (or should be) instituted among men for the purpose 
of securing to its citizens the full, free, uninterrupted enjoyment cf the 
bounties of nature, seeing that none shall have less nor more of the natural 
heritage of man than each as an indi\'idual is entitled to. Since no one can 
possibly have more than his share unless some must have correspondingly 
less, all the natural facilities should be the property of all — that is, public 
property — and never privately controlled, monopolized, or owned. 

1. What are the natural facilities on which life, liberty, and pursuit 
of happiness depend? 

2. To whom belonged the natural facilities upon which depend life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness in the United States in 1776? 

3. How does the present ownership and control of the natural facilities 
upon which depend life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness compare with 



rv Analysis of the Declaration of Independence. 

their ownership and control at the time of- the adoption of the Declaration 
of Independence? 

4. If an individnal can not contract his right to life awa}', can he con- 
tract away those natnral facilities upon which his life depends? 

5. If a just government can not without cause take away the life of a 
citizen, can.it take away or grant a monopoly to one or more individuals 
of those natural facilities on which life depends? 

C). If governments are instituted among men for the purpose of securing 
to men the right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness, is it not as much 
the function and bounden duty of governments to prohibit individuals from 
monopolizing those natural facilities upon which these inalienable rights 
depend as to prohibit individuals from taking the life of others, or from 
depriving others of liberty or the pursuit of hapj^iness? , 

7. When should the form of any government be changed? 

8. What has experience shown as to the inclination of mankind to 
change their form of government, no matter how oppressive? 990^ 

1). When is the duty to change a form of government imperative? 

2206 

10. What wrongs enumerated in the Declaration of Independence were 
committed against us by the King of England and his British ministry, 
constituting the English Government? 

11. Were we to commit or attempt to commit the same wrongs against 
another people as the British Government committed against us, would we 
be equally guilty with the government of England of wrong-doing? 

12. In a republic can there be such a thing or idea as " the government" 
as we express it concerning a monarchy having a royal famih? 

13. In a republic where all men are created equal, can there be some 
not possessed of equal rights with all? Can a portion of a republic be 
subject to another portion and the go\-ernment still remain a republic? 



INDEX TC 



A Key to "The Twentieth Century 



PERIODS. 


BOUN 


Number. 


Title. 


Beginning 


Close. 


Years. 




I 

II 

III 

IV 
V 

VI 

VII 
VIII 


Discovery and 
Exploration. 

Colonization and 
Settlement. 

England and France 
IN America. 

The Republic and the 
Constitution. 

Consolidation and 
Expansion. 

The War for the 
Union. 

The New 
United States. 

Our Colonial 
Expansion. 


I GOO 
1602 

1758 

1783 
1829 

1861 

£865 
1898 


1590 
1758 

1783 

1829 
1861 

1865 
1898 


156 
25 

46 
32 

4 
33 


From the Visit of the Norseman 
Lost Colony. 

From Gosnold's Expedition to t 
England in the ' ' Empire Stat 

* 
From the Outbreak of the French 
the Revolution when Washingt 
of the Army to the American C 

From the Formation of the Consti 
President of the United vStates. 

From the Inauguration of Andrew 
War for the Union. 

From the Inauguration of Abrahar 
War to the Assassination and I 
of the Rebellion. 

From the Beginning of the Admin 
the ITnited vStates to the Destru 
of the Spanish-American War. 

From the Beginning of the Spanis] 















PERIODS. 



YSTEM OF American History Study." 



lY EVENTS. 


Question 
Book. 

PAGE 


Library of 
American History. 


Numberof 
Subjects 

and 

Events 

Recorded 


Average 
Numberof 
Subjects 

and 

Events 

Recorded 

in School 

Histories. 


Numberof 
Subjects 

and 
Events 




VOLUME 


PAGE 


"Table." 
Vol.VIlI. 

PAGE 


from 

School 

Histories. 


the Abandonment of the Search for the 


I 


I 


II 


2229 


132 


24 


108 


Legal Estabhshment of the Church of 
f the South." 


17 


I 


lOI 


2231 


470 


87 


383 


d Indian War to the Close of the War of 
















Resigned his Commission as Commander 


45 


II 


298 


2239 


178 


69 


109 


ress. 
















on to the Election of Andrew Jackson as 


89 


III 


577 


2241 


298 


73 


251 


kson as President to the Outbreak of the 


109 


III 


734 


2245 


213 


41 


162 


ncoln as President and Outbreak of Civil 
















eral of President Lincoln after the Close 


123 


IV 


861 


2249 


167 


94 


73 


ation of Andrew Johnson as President of 
















n of the Battleship Maine and Outbreak 


173 


Y 


1349 


2250 


203 


44 


159 




217 


VII 


1833 


2254 




















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Kilometres, 386= I Inch 

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20 



30 



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3,0 



Baa^, McNallj & Co.'s New Buaiiiess Atlas Map of HawaiL 
Copyright, 1393, h} Raud, McNally 3i Co. 












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